摘要:

SummaryA mating box was designed in which the attractiveness of queens for drones was tested in the Brazilian stingless bee,Scaptotrigona postica(Meliponinae, Apidae). Virgin queens, 10–14 days old, were the most attractive. Copulation in confinement was observed in detail. A queen could mate with up to six drones.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100773

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe expected disruption to honeybee pollination of kiwifruit in New Zealand if new honeybee diseases or enemies become established, prompted an examination of the potential for exploiting the only 2 other fully manageable bee species in New Zealand, the alfalfa leafcutting bee,Megachile rotundata, and the alkali bee,Nomia melanderi.Leafcutting bees were evaluated at 3 field sites under 3 management regimes, and in one cage test. Only 4 male bees were seen to visit kiwifruit flowers under normal field conditions. Bees caged with lucerne (alfalfa) and kiwifruit flowers foraged only on lucerne. Pollen of the colour of kiwifruit pollen collected by bees was entirelyLotusspp.Megachile rotundatais thus considered to have no potential for the pollination of kiwifruit.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100774

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn healthy, well-provisioned colonies, natural changes of workers' larval food did not significantly influence average lifespan of bees in summer.In newly emerged bees, deviations in weight and protein content, fat and glycogen were investigated continuously during most of the breeding season in hives kept under similar conditions. Weight and protein content were dependent on season and availability of food outside the hive. Different protein contents of groups of emerging bees in summer could not be correlated with average lifespan.Newly emerged bees that survived to the winter season had greater dry weights, protein, triglycerides, fats, glucose and glycogen than spring or summer bees that did not survive into the winter.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100775

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe leaf nectaries ofPteridium aquilinumarc known to produce sugars, which attract honeybees. The nectaries were observed to attract many bees during the summer despite the presence of many traditionally good bee plants, e.g.Calluna vulgaris, and no observable nectar production by the fern. Nectar-gatherers seemed to follow fixed and learned patterns of behaviour.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100776

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryYeasts occur naturally in floral nectar and have been considered to be an influence on the foraging behaviour of bees. When honeybees were presented with a choice of flowers of milkweed,Asclepias syriaca, which were contaminated with yeasts in the nectarvs.yeast-free flowers, they showed no discrimination in visits or movements between the flower types. They moved to the closest flower (reward) regardless of the presence or absence of yeasts. The same results were obtained with the use of yeast-free and yeast-contaminated droplets of sugar syrup.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100777

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryBrood survival in 51 bee colonies was investigated. Of those, 15 were in an apiary where bee breeding was not practised and the queens mated at the apiary; 20 had queens mated in the mating stations of 4 professional queen breeders; 16 had queens that were each instrumentally inseminated with semen from 1 drone only. About 7% of larvae disappeared from the combs during the first developmental stages through factors other than ones related to sex alleles. The overall survival rate in colonies with queens mated naturally was about 85%, whether the queens were mated in the apiary or in mating stations. Thus the brood survival permitted by the sex alleles was 92%, which indicates the presence of about 12 sex alleles in the populations. Thus a bee breeding system that expects the sex alleles to allow 85% brood survival is acceptable, although in practice, it may not appear to be so because the overall survival is only 78%.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100778

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTwelveBacillus larvaestrains were searched for the presence of extrachromosomal DNA by agarose gel electrophoretic methods. Small plasmid molecules of a uniform size were detected in three of them. The molecular mass was determined at 5·72±SD 0·25 Mdal by electron microscopy. The bacterial cells harbouring plasmid molecules were then tested for resistance to sulphonamides, antibiotics, mercury chloride and cadmium nitrate. No specific resistance or any other function connected with the presence of the plasmid molecules inB. larvaestrains was found. The plasmid DNA, however, has a high stability inB. larvaecells, because the DNA isolates did not change their electrophoretic pattern during a 2-year cultivation of the cells on solid nutrient agar. The plasmid was denoted pBL423 according to theB. larvaestrain in which it was first detected.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100779

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryActivity at the hive entrance, hive occupancy and worker survival were monitored in two spraying operations involving 10 spray cycles and application rates of 10–41 g active ingredient ha−1. Applications of 15–41 g ha−1caused hyperactivity and some colonies probably deserted their hives. Sprays of 10–24 g ha−1had no immediate effect on survival, but mortality increased after sprays of 28–41 g ha−1. Foraging by workers before sunrise, when spraying ended, and the greater toxicity of endosulfan at high temperatures, may have increased the hazard of endosulfan drift sprays to honeybees in Somalia.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100780

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryEffects of pesticide application and pollination by bees were studied in 11 cultivated crops: toria (Brassica campestrisvar.toria), raya (B. juncea), rock cress (Eruca sativa), turnip (B. rapa), cauliflower (B. oleraceavar.botiytis), radish (Raphanus sativus), carrot (Daucus carotavar.sativa), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Either factor alone gave small yield increases but the two combined interacted significantly to give major increases. This study suggests that both protective application of pesticides and use of bee pollination are essential for maximum crop yields.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100781

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMalathion and Asuntol (a.i. coumaphos) are two of the most common pesticides used by beekeepers in Greece to control theVarroamite that attacks bees. Residue analysis indicates that these two substances can be found in honey, but only at levels that could not be dangerous for human health. Residues in wax were high for both malathion and coumaphos.In honey, the amounts of malathion and coumaphos diminished by 92% and 95%, respectively, during three months storage. Residues in wax appeared to be more stable.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1988.11100782

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor