摘要:

Fifteen fresh cadaver impacts were conducted in simulation of pedestrian-automobile accidents. The test sled configuration simulated an automobile bumper and hood in “standard” and “nosedive” situations as well as “hard” and “soft” impact surfaces. Instrumentation and film demonstrated large axial compression forces in the struck leg and considerable angular velocity of the torso in all modes. Dissection revealed primary injury at the impact site at low velocities with added remote injury at high velocities. Fracture of the lateral tibial plateau was most common. Lowering the bumper height offered the greatest protection against injury at moderate impact velocities.

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Significantly elevated numbers of iron laden histiocytes have been shown to appear in the tracheobronchial secretions of subjects in hemorrhagic shock and in patients undergoing open heart-surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass (3, 4). Abnormal heme pigments have also been demonstrated in the serum of dogs bled to hemorrhagic shock (6) and have been felt to be toxic. Because the ingestion of abnormal heme pigments by histiocytes may be part of a defense mechanism, we have attempted to correlate the percentage of iron laden histiocytes found in the tracheobronchial secretions of patients in hemorrhagic shock (Prussian blue method) with the presence of degradation of products of hemoglobin found in their serum by scanning spectrophotometry. There were, generally speaking, few iron laden histiocytes when hemoglobin degradation was advanced, and always numerous iron laden histiocytes when abnormal heme pigments were absent or spectrophotometric findings revealed minor degrees of degradation. Our findings probably reflect the process in the reticuloendothelial systems which eliminates toxic products accumulating in the circulation in low-flow states.

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Experimental in-vitro and in-vivo testing of a retrohepatic vena cava shunt has shown effective shunting of inferior vena caval blood by catheters with outside diameters of 28 French. A technique of insertion of such a catheter via the groin is shown to be feasible in humans. Control of vena caval bleeding by a balloon catheter prototype during liver resection in dogs and in a human patient has been demonstrated.

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

By retrospective review of 1,061 charts and prospective analysis of all accidental injuries seen in a Pediatric Emergency Room over a 5-year period, criteria were developed to identify the source of an injury as either specific or nonspecific, i.e., whether a unique causative mechanism was clear or not from the clinical or radiologic signs.These criteria were then used to diagnose 712 cases of child abuse, of which 43 were burns. There were four specific burn patterns. Readily evident were contacts with hot objects; the others were caused by various applications of hot liquids. In these latter cases, the position of the body at the time of burning could be precisely detected by analysis of the depth, configuration, distribution of the burns, and the reciprocal relation to flexion creases and joints of the spared areas.This information is a powerful tool for assessing the veracity of the history presented by the child's caretaker when considering a diagnosis of child battery.

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Battered Alcoholic Syndrome is here defined by the presence of three or more fractures in the same individual but in differing chronological stages of healing. These may be identified either on the basis of radiographs or by history. Because only three per cent of alcoholics are of the skid-row stereotype, and because the treatment of an alcoholic may differ from that of a nonalcoholic, the recognition of this syndrome is of value in the initial and long-term management of such individuals. In 100 consecutive fracture patient admissions at Harborview Medical Center the incidence of this syndrome in Seattle was eight per cent of fracture patients admitted to the hospital; 62% of patients with a third discrete fracture were alcoholics. Etiologic factors which may play a role in its development include greater exposure to trauma, psychologic predisposition, nutritional depletion, and the direct toxic effects of alcohol itself.

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The emergency treatment of dental trauma has traditionally been handled in the emergency rooms of medical centers, or in the dental office. With increasing emphasis on comprehensive medical care, and the tendency of more recent graduates to locate in rural areas, there is a growing trend for physicians to be involved in providing emergency care for traumatic injuries to the dental and oral tissues. The authors discuss the etiology of dental trauma and the highly psychologic impact of such injuries upon the patient and parents. Techniques for prevention and a comprehensive plan are outlined for systematic history taking and examination. A classification of eight levels of dental injuries (5), techniques for the emergency, and subsequent restorative care are given. Emphasis is placed upon immediate care which can, if necessary, be provided by the physician pending referral to a dentist.

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The versatility and usefulness of central venous catheters in the management of critically ill patients cannot be questioned. Various methods of placement have evolved, each with its own advantages and potential complications. Little attention in recent years has been given to the supraclavicular approach, the details of which are described and its usefulness compared with other techniques. This method is highly recommended due to its high degree of simplicity, comfort, safety, and reliability.

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A preclinical and clinical study of ankle arthrography for chronic ankle instability was performed. In the first study, ankle arthrograms were done on 50 cadaver ankles to demonstrate the limits of the normal ankle joint, and it was demonstrated that contrast in tendon sheaths is not a sign of a torn ankle ligament. The second study consisted of investigating ten cases of chronic ankle instability utilizing ankle arthrography. It was concluded that ankle arthrography is helpful in diagnosing torn ankle ligaments if all remaining investigative procedures are negative. A positive ankle arthrogram is proof that a torn capsule and ligament has occurred. However, in this small series a negative arthrogram and a normal talar tilt was still associated with a torn ligament of the ankle.

ISSN:0022-5282    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID