摘要:

Functional hypotheses of party decline define parties as fulfilling specific functions in the political system and relate party decay to the inability or diminished capacity of parties to perform these functions. This article examines two major hypotheses of this sort by assessing their relevance in the case of the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish Social Democratic parties. First, it deals with the thesis of the declining functionality of the mass membership party. Second, it discusses the rival structure hypothesis which argues that rival forms of political organization pose a threat to parties by encroaching upon their functions. These arguments are confronted with available empirical data. In several instances, the empirical evidence points to inadequacies in the hypotheses, or directly confutes them. These weaknesses of the hypotheses are discussed, and alternative interpretations are offered.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In public policy literature a classical argument is that the scope and content of decisions shape both the structure of the policy‐making process and the configuration of actors involved. Recent studies have strongly emphasized that the patterns of segmentation and specialization found in national policy‐making are also found in EC policy‐making. Against this background, the present article discusses the conditions and impact of agricultural interests in EC policy‐making in light of the economic crisis of recent years and the increasing budgetary problems faced by the EC. The article illustrates, especially with reference to the Danish case, the special importance of the national interest organization‐government relationship for the strategies pursued by national agricultural interest organizations in influencing EC/CAP policy‐making. Furthermore, the article indicates how policy‐making concerning the CAP has become more complicated as a consequence of the general economic crisis and recent sharp fall in farmers' incomes. National governments are the central actors in the Community policy‐making process, and their impulse to promote exclusive national interests in the Community policy‐making process has increased. In addition, agriculture has been integrated in the overall Community ‘crisis’ policy, and this development has weakened the segmentation in relation to the CAP. However, because of the general problems of the EC, the national agricultural organizations of the various member states have a growing interest in emphasizing joint activities and mutual agreement with regard to fundamental agricultural issues on Community level. This may affect the role of COPA leaving it primarily as a coordinator and mediator among the various national agricultural organizations, because pressures are more likely to succeed at the national level than at the EC level. This is where ‘bread‐and‐butter’ agreement really counts in the future. The alternative is that COPA will lose its cr

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the paper is to develop an integrated normative‐empirical approach for an analysis of decision‐making involvement in Norway. The analysis will be based on a national sample survey carried out in early 1981 (N = 1,650). After briefly defending the choice of ‘the social‐democratic state’ as a context‐specifying term, the discussion turns to problematizations of two central concepts:the politicalandparticipation.The result of this exercise is an ‘operational typology of decision‐making involvement’ which stipulates eight zdifferent modes of involvement in terms of survey‐operational measures. It is argued that the typology covers the entire spectrum of decision‐making involvement in Norway; that it is unique in doing so; and that the conceptual differences involved have important normative empirical consequences. These latter are then developed in relation to three dominant perspectives in participation research; the expressivist, the instrumentalist, and the developmentalist points of view. Each of these perspectives is illustrated by a specific research strategy, and concluding remarks are made on the necessary integration of all three for a fuller comprehension of decision‐making involvement in the

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper tests a model of mass political support for Sweden, 1967–1974. The model is composed of two economic variables (the Consumer Price Index and assessments of the short‐run employment situation) and two non‐economic variables (media criticism of government and media pessimism). The model performs very well, accounting for approximately two‐thirds of the variance in the popularity of the governing party, the Social Democrats. The most impressive showing is made by the unemployment variable, but the Consumer Price Index and media criticism also make important contributions. Concluding discussion centers on the implications of these findings for our understanding of Swedish politics and for the validity of political‐economic models of mass politica

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY