摘要:

Few themes have aroused so much interest and contention as the search for environmental determinants of public policy. One major problem area in this debate concerns the identification of explanatory variables accounting for the cross‐country variation in public expenditures. As no agreement has been reached about the basic issues involved, it seems appropriate to formulate a new approach to the problem of accounting for public finance patterns. An argument is presented to the effect that the employment of more rigorous econometric tools may help us draw an outline of the structural pattern behind the public household. The analysis indicates that we must abandon the idea of identifying stable structures that describe the relationships between the public household and the environmen

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1984.tb00293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pluralist democracies face the dilemma of reconciling representation of interests and government control. The tension between representation and governance is a problem for political parties in particular and has presumably become more important in recent years, at least in Denmark. Using data from questionnaire surveys of Danish political elites it is shown that interest organizations and bureaucrats indeed pose problems for party government. Some institutional changes might lighten the tasks of parties, but there is no way of avoiding the basic democratic dilemma.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1984.tb00294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Loyalty oaths are a certain type of promise. What is their moral force? Do I by taking an oath thereby bind myself with some (new) moral ties to, say, the State of Finland? When can we speak of an oath as morally binding? These questions constitute the core of the paper. First, I shall give an analysis of promises and promising in general. Secondly, I shall try to analyse the question ‘Do we have to keep our promises?’ After this I shall consider some differences between standard case promises and loyalty oaths. After this the connection of loyalty oaths to civil liberty will be brought out. Thereafter I shall give a brief presentation of the politically most relevant loyalty oaths in Finland and ask if they can be considered as having any moral force. The paper ends with a few hints on the practical consequences of this analy

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1984.tb00295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1984.tb00296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1984.tb00297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY