摘要:

In this essay we discuss effects of growing interdependence and internationalization upon national political institutions. More exactly we address the question of how these processes are reflected in matters handled by the Standing Committees of the Swedish Parliament. Generally speaking, the proportion of international issues has increased continuously during the 1970s and the early 1980s. The internationalization of parliamentary work has mainly taken place outside the area of ‘traditional’ foreign policy. Even though internationalization is a general phenomenon in the Swedish parliament, the enhancement of international issues is particularly evident in subject areas linked to economic life in general, but issues concerning environmental policy, communications and energy policy also bear the stamp of internationalization. In spite of this internationalization of domestic politics the pattern of relations with actors on the international scene seems to be rather stable. The picture is dominated by international organizations in the Scandinavian region and Western Europe. Traditionally, the principle of consensus has governed Swedish security and defence policy. Our data support this notion. However, international issues outside the area of ‘traditional’ foreign policy do not bear the hallmark of consensus. The level of conflict is considerably higher and has risen, especially during the 1980s. Generally speaking, patterns of conflict in international issues do not deviate from those in ‘pure’ domestic policy. Thus, internationalization has also involved domestication regarding the level

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1988.tb00366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Exceptions from the prescriptions of the Constitution can be made in Finland without altering the letter of the Constitution, on condition that the exceptions are decided by Parliament in a manner that honours the qualified procedure prescribed in the Finnish Constitution for the altering or enactment of fundamental law This institution appears very different when compared to the conceptions of fundamental law in most other countries, and it originates from the time of Russian rule in Finland. Hundreds of so‐called exception laws have been enacted in Finland during the years of independence, interfering primarily with the right to property, which is guaranteed in the Finnish Constitution. Other rights have been violated in exception laws to a much lesser extent. Empowerment laws. i.e. exception laws that introduce a legislative delegation, have likewise primarily infringed on the right to property. Although the exception law institution has been under suspicion for obscuring the general knowledge of the meaning and intentions of fundamental laws, it cannot be denied that it has facilitated policy making and has contributed to the management of constitutional inerti

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1988.tb00367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In one way. Norway's local elections would seem to he a deviant case a protest election with a landslide victory to a recently established neo‐liberalistic party, greater volatility among the voters, and an unusually low turnout. However, the election survey and other electoral statistics reveal a continuation and reinforcement of social and regional trends in voting patterns, trends which have emerged during recent election

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1988.tb00368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In what way does corporatist representation change the behaviour of participating organizations? The classical question is whether the interest organizations' representatives are captured or not. Sweden is one of the countries in which the class‐based interest organizations are heavily represented in the central public administration. The importance of corporatist arrangement in this area in Sweden is due to the fact that the task of implementing government policy is largely given to semi‐independent directorates. Since the early 1970s, the major business organization in Sweden has been strongly demanding cuts in public spending. As it is represented in some of the most important, and expanding, public agencies of the Swedish welfare state, it could be expected that their representatives would demand a decrease in the agencies' yearly budget proposals. During a ten‐year period (1974–1983), there is no sign of such behaviour of the business organization's representatives in these corporatist institutions. On the contrary, business in Sweden can be said to have been more generous with the taxpayers' money than both Social Democratic and bourgeois governments have found possible. Assuming that both its general demand for cuts in public spending and its specific action in the corporatist institutions are rational, it is discussed how this seemingly contradictory behaviour of Swedish business can be explained.The starting point for the debate about corporatism is the organizations' increasing influence on the state. The Confederation's standpoint is that this influence has now reached such a level that there is need for a change On various occasions. representatives of other interest organizations have also emphasized the importance of keeping a clear‐cut distinction between the area of political responsibility and the area of the organizations' responsibility. In political issues it is the politicians' duty to weigh up the different judgments and standpoints and to come to a common public interest. The interest organizations' task is to pursue their special interests. These interest organizations should not take part in decisions in the political sector. I f this were to happen the special interests would have too much influence on the political

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1988.tb00369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Jan Kooiman&Kjell A. Eliassen:Managing Public Organizations. Lessons from Contemporary European Experience.Juhani Mylly&R. Michael Berry, eds.:Political Parties in Finland. Essays in History and Politics.Helga Maria Hernes:Welfare State and Woman Power. Essays in State Feminism.Agneta Bladh:Decentraliserad förualtning. Tre ämbetsuerk i nya roller.Gunnel Gustafsson:Decentralisering av politisk makt. En studie av svensk byråkrati i kontakt med sin omvä

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1988.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY