摘要:

This article focuses on party behaviour in the Finnish Parliament. We consider the political parties as vote‐seekers, office‐seekers, or policy‐seekers in a multiparty system. We presume that the parliamentary position of a party affects its behaviour, and that the behaviour of a party differs from one arena to another in Parliament. The party activity is measured in terms of proposed motions, reservations to committee decisions, debates and statements at plenary sessions, and roll‐calls at plenary sessions. The empirical findings indicate that political parties in opposition act first and foremost as vote‐seekers. Only opposition parties make reservations to committee decisions and initiate roll‐calls at plenary sessions. On the other hand, the governing parties seem mainly to focus on pol

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article the development of new political organizations in Russia is discussed. The authors acknowledge the fact that the new parties and organizations are still weak and not well organized. bur they nevertheless play a significant role in the preservation of democracy in Russia. Several stages in the party creation process can be discerned. Before the 1991 attemptedcoup d'étatthe Communist Party of the Soviet Union still played a dominant role, while a number of smaller political organizations emerged. After the dissolution of the CPSU. the centre groupings dominated the political scene. Gradually. the level of political polarization increased. as evidenced by the 1993 elections which spelled victory for the post‐communists and ultra‐nationalists. Using sartori's definitions, the authors analyse the party and organizations with the help of a left‐right continuum, which portrays some differences in Russian politics without covering all cleavages. The important regional differences in party formation are illustrated with empirical data from the Murmansk region. During the Gorbachev period a number of informal organizations emerged which gradually developed into parties critical of the CPSU. Initially, social democratic organizations were strong on the Kola Peninsula, but they declined in importance due to internal disagreement. In the 1993 elections, the largest parties in this region were the ultra‐nationalist Liberal Democratic Party and the market‐oriented Russia's Choice. In Russia as a whole, the post‐election period manifested itself in increasing political polarization and successive retreat from the marker‐reform policies. Clearly, the road to a well‐functioning system of parties in Russia is

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article is based on the 1991 Swedish Election Study and sets out to analyse gender differences in voting behaviour. To increase our understanding of the dynamics between the parties and women and men in the Swedish electorate, an analysis of gender‐based “party images” is undertaken. Party images refer to policy orientations and the analysis thereof is empirically based on three sets of open‐ended questions about the most dent issuer in the election. The main purpose is to investigate to what extent women and men who vote for the same party in an election. in their mind. have differing images of the party they cast their vote for. With large differences in party images it can be put into question if women and men vote for the “same” parties even if the party label is the same on the ballots they choose on election day. The results show that for the Social Democratic Party and the Conservative Party there was to a large extent an agreement between the male and female voters in their party images in the 1991 Swedish Election. This was also true for the Christian Democratic Party. Among women and men who voted for the other five parties analysed in the article, a larger degree of gender‐based disagreements in the party ima

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY