摘要:

The paper focuses on the link between the two ‘channels of political influence that exist in most liberal democracies: the electoral‐parliamentary channel with political parties as the crucial structures intermediating between citizens and decision‐makers, and the organizational‐corporate channel with interest groups as intermediating structures. Although the two avenues open to citizens’ demands may often function as alternatives, they are not independent of each other. Thus, the involvement of organizational and institutional interests affects the level of partisan conflict in the law‐making process. The main assumption is that if bills are drafted by the active participation of external actors, they are likely to be passed at a relatively low level of conflict in parliament. A number of specific hypotheses based on this assumption are tested on data pertaining to Government bills passed by the Danish parliament 1972–74. The hypotheses relate to different types of bill preparation, subsequent outside contacts to parliamentary committees indicating societal disagreement on bills, and different areas of public policy. While the evidence gives strong support to the hypotheses it also indicates limits to the influence of external actors. This suggests an important difference between the two channels: like the corporate channel the parliamentary channel is one of influence, but unlike the corporate channel, it is also one of national r

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1980.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Basically, there are two solutions to the problem of how policies determine politics. One is thestructuralsolution suggested by Theodore J. Lowi. His way of classifying policies in terms of the likelihood and applicability of coercion seems to be most valid under the general macropolitical assumption of asymmetrically organized patterns of authority. The other is themarginalistsolution suggested by James Q. Wilson. His classification of policy change in terms of whether costs and benefits are being dispersed or concentrated through the change in question seems to be most fruitful when the focus is upon the logic and equilibrium of a policy situation as such, regardless of its characteristics from the point of view of coercion and inducement. In this article the confrontation between Lowi and Wilson is analyzed, and a way of combining the two approaches is suggested.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1980.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Work on the Finnish protest elections of the 1970s has concentrated on Vennamo's Rural Party. Yet at the general elections in 1979 the Finnish Christian League succeeded in surpassing not only the Rural but also the centre‐based Swedish and Liberal People's parties. This paper has two main objectives: firstly, to consider why in a monoreligious, multiparty polity an interest‐specific Christian party has emerged; and, secondly, using elite interviews and survey data, to examine the genealogy of its active members. A distinctive genus, at once party and ‘anti‐party’,

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1980.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines Norwegian women's access to the public committee system. Women's relative underrepresentation is discussed in terms of their social status and their difficulties in gaining entry into the ‘pool of eligibles’. Their corporate recruitment via political channels is compared to men's more frequent recruitment via professional channels and via economic interest organizations. The article concludes by comparing conditions for participation in the numerical and corporate channels as well as in issue‐oriented, ad‐hoc activities. These differ along two dimensions, both of which tend to channel women into the less formalized bodies for political partic

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1980.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1980.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1980.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY