摘要:

AbstractHousing is a key instrument of health care. This was recognized long ago when the Victorians introduced public health measures to tackle unhealthy city slums. The links between housing and health have since been forgotten by some people, as general housing standards have improved and housing has developed as a separate area of public policy. This paper attempts to show that in the late twentieth century housing is still a fundamental factor in determining health. A number of policy issues now point to the need to rebuild the links between housing and health: evidence of persistent inequalities in health, a recognition that those with the poorest health still live in the worst housing, and the new care in the community policy which demands closer working relationships between agencies. The current political and economic climate does not encourage or foster links between services. The government's approach to health focuses on personal behaviour rather than environmental factors as determinants of health, there is a rift between entrenched professional interest groups which provides no incentive for cooperation, and there is a lack of research which demonstrates clear financial and service benefits from coordinating housing and health planning and provision. However, a renewed concern for public health is becoming more prominent (which recognizes the fundamental links between environment and health). This paper argues that housing is a key factor in individual, and hence public health, and should therefore play a more central role in this debate. The challenge now is to gain wider recognition of the essential policy and financial links between housing and health‐care services. This involves clearly identifying exactly what aspects of housing are important for health and in what way, including housing issues in health and public health concerns at all levels, and suggesting priorities for policy makers. It must be demonstrated that expenditure on housing is still an effective way of achieving improvements in health. Housing is an enduring instrument of health car

ISSN:0966-0410    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2524.1995.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHealth professionals, particularly those in the community, commonly encounter lone parents and their children. What are these professionals to make of lone parents? Do they, for example, have a unique health profile? Should health professionals take their family status into account as a means of explaining their health? Indeed, can lone parents be considered a group at all, in any meaningful sense? Since the late 1970s, British society has grown more and more divided. Alongside this division, the growth of new forms of work has led some theorists to argue that capitalism has entered a new ‘post‐Fordist’ era. The divisions in society have led to the creation of a new ‘underclass’. This paper argues that the divisions are within the working class and are composed of a relatively well‐off core, alongside a periphery of low‐paid, temporary and part‐time workers. Lone parents' position in the labour market means that they are part of the periphery. This is evidenced by data from the 1991 Census of Population and the 1992 General Household Survey. The ability of lone parents to change their position is mediated by the lack of affordable child care. The evidence presented is strongly indicative of the peripheral status of lone‐parent households, with all that this implies

ISSN:0966-0410    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2524.1995.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHealth and social services have been subjected to many changes over the past decade. Legislative reforms in the National Health Service (NHS), the implementation of policies for care in the community, and the transfer of funding for social care have given Local Authorities the lead role in the assessment of need and development of a mixed economy of care. The challenge for the organization and management of health social work is how to adjust to the change, whilst ensuring that increased choices are made available to users. It raises questions as to whether the reforms will provide a real opportunity for innovation or lead to a different form of rationing of services—a ‘top‐down’, imposed, technocratic solution to reducing public spending. This paper presents the findings of an exploratory research study which considers the effect of organizational change on the provision of hospital‐based social‐work services to adults with health and social care needs in four Local Authorities in England. Local Authorities have responded differently; some have integrated care management within a social‐work perspective; others have moved towards employing care managers who need not be qualified social workers. Change is proceeding slowly, not surprisingly, for none has been wholeheartedly enthusiastic. This paper examines the limited evidence on how social‐work managers and practitioners are meeting the changes imposed upon them. Managers are more optimistic and see the changes as challenging, offering opportunities for acquiring new knowledge and different skills; workers are more pessimistic, fearing that preventive, professional practice will be eroded, disempowering users. Both are in agreement that the process has been stressful and that the practice of social work in hospit

ISSN:0966-0410    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2524.1995.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between one group of nurses (specialist paediatric oncology nurses, or ‘SPONs’) and the families for whom they care. It draws upon a recent research review of their role in linking hospital and home care for children with cancer, and it argues that whereas this relationship often contains elements of friendship, it is not friendship in the conventional sense of the term, but is perhaps better characterized as a relationship of befriending. Befriending leads to the diminution of formal professional‐client barriers and, in some cases, to a close and reciprocal relationship between SPONs and their clients. Befriending facilitates partnerships in care between SPONs and families, but also increases the demands of emotional labour for SPONs. Finally, some questions are raised about the appropriateness of the role of befriending in the nurse‐client relat

ISSN:0966-0410    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2524.1995.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBetween October 1993 and May 1994, a pilot study was undertaken to explore ways of enhancing community participation and empowerment in health‐related issues in the south‐east region of Wolverhampton. The study was commissioned from the Centre for Health Services Studies at the University of Warwick by Wolverhampton Health Executive. During the study period, 129 interviews were conducted with health professionals, local authority and voluntary workers, and local residents. Interview texts were subjected to detailed analysis, and the most pressing preoccupations of respondents were identified and quantified. Interview data were supplemented and validated by the use of 1991 census data by enumeration district, and by information about the characteristics of local neighbourhoods supplied by 49 local residents and workers. Significant differences in attitude towards health issues between health professionals and local residents were found, which resulted in barriers to accessing services. On the basis of what was learned during the course of the pilot study, a model has been devised for continuing the work of the Locality Focus on Health in other parts of the boro

ISSN:0966-0410    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2524.1995.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0966-0410    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2524.1995.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Positively Parents: Caring for a Severely Disabled Child, by Bryony Beresford. Social Policy Research Unit, York. 1944, £12.50, 116pp. ISBN 0‐11‐701837‐6., by Rose Rachman PhD CQSWLecturer in Social Work, Department of Social Policy, The London School of Economics and Political ScienceWhat Can You Expect at Your Age? Challenging Ageist Practice, by Julia Johnson BA MA CQSW, Video and booklet produced by the Department of Community Studies, University of Brighton. 1994, £60.00, 68‐rnin video + 45pp booklet. ISBN 1‐871 966477.Lecturer, School of Health and Social Welfare, Open UniversityPublic Policy in Britain, by S.P. Savage, by R. Atkinson, by L. Robins (Eds). Macmillan Press Ltd, London. 1994, £10.99, 336pp. ISBN 0‐333‐59597‐1., by Neil Lunt BA(Hons) MAResearch Fellow, Social Policy Research Unit, University of YorkResearch in Health Promotion and Nursing, by J. Wilson‐Barnett, by J. Macleod Clark (Eds). Macmillan Press Ltd, London. 1993, £12.09, 282pp. ISBN 0‐333‐601 34‐3., by Cindy Johnson MA(Ed) BN RGNAssistant Director, Institute for Health Promotion, University of Wales

ISSN:0966-0410    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2524.1995.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY