摘要:

A multi‐commodity model of world food markets is used to quantify the adverse impact of agricultural policies in Western Europe and East Asia on farmer welfare in Australasia and North America. The results suggest that net farm incomes for these traditional food exporters would be one‐third greater than in the absence of protectionism in other industrial countries. For Australian farmers this represents as much as A$30 000 per farm, or more than three times as much as the adverse impact on them of Australia's manufacturing protection. Econometric analysis suggests that agricultural protectionism is likely to continue to grow as per capita incomes and agricultural comparative disadvantage increase in industrial countr

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Foreign students comprise about 4 per cent of total student enrolments at Australian universities and colleges. The numbers of private overseas students in Australia are regulated by quota and by the imposition of a subsidized fee. Australian government policy towards overseas students has been discussed in two recent government reports which reach conflicting conclusions about desirable policy changes. This paper puts forward the arguments against which the economic aspects of these two reports can be judged, discussing the theoretical basis for regulation by fees and quotas and applying these considerations in the present A ustralian context. It is found that, despite some recent moves in the right direction, Australian policy towards foreign students and towards the use of tertiary education as a medium of foreign aid, is still short of ideal when judged on economic grounds.

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evidence is presented on how well alternative systems of wage determination facilitate disaggregate labour market adjustment. Tests of statistical causality are used to relate labour market pressure to relative wage changes. The conclusion is that rates of change of relative wages are determined independently of the microeconomic market balance. This result holds irrespective of the institutional form of the wage‐fixing syste

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00907.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper contains an analysis of the sources of income inequality in Australia, based on data from the ABS income survey for 1978‐79. The analysis proceeds by progressive decomposition of the population into component groups differentiated by characteristics such as sex, age, employment status and occupation. At each stage of the decomposition, total inequality is partitioned into contributions from within and between the component groups, as measured by the Shorrocks Iq index. The importance of the characteristic in question as a source of inequality can then be assessed. While the results of the analysis are described in some detail, the emphasis of the paper is primarily methodologica

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00908.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Managed exchange rates have become a tool of macroeconomic stabilization policy. Much of the previous emphasis on parametrically chosen exchange rate regimes has missed the advantages of a strategy of a variable target exchange rate when the central bank tries to maintain equilibrium output in the face of various shocks to the economy. Based on a standard IS‐LM‐AS macromodel, optimal combinations of exchange rate and money supply changes are found that insulate the economy against all stipulated shocks. However, these combinations vary from one shock to another; therefore recognition signals are necessary. Continuous information on some variables allows the central bank to identify shocks if they can be guaranteed to occur individually, but not otherwise. As a second‐best strategy, ‘defensively managed exchange rates’ appear suitable. The paper also discusses some side effects and other practical difficulties of a managed exchange rate as an automatic s

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00909.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper attempts to reconcile neoclassical theory with Australian investment data. We argue that, by focusing almost exclusively on the demand for capital services, neoclassical investment theory neglects two related decisions: the decision to own the existing capital stock, and the decision to produce new capital goods. We propose a simple model of investment behaviour that integrates production decisions with portfolio decisions. Careful consideration is given to the determination of the price of capital, the rental price of capital, and the return on capital. The model is estimated by FIML, and a number of simulation results are reported.

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00910.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to reassess the impact of incomes policies on wages in Australia, Canada and the United States. These countries differ in institutional arrangements as well as in the form and timing of incomes policies adopted. Three methods of assessing the effect of incomes policies have been used: the simulation approach, the intercept‐shift dummy variable approach, and the rotation approach. The results indicate that incomes policies exhibited considerable diversity in the effectiveness among the three countries. The results also show a consistent restraining influence of labour market variables on wage inflatio

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00911.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This note presents a measure of the effective protection rate in a general equilibrium model under uncertainty where a stock market exists and international trade in securities takes place. Real equity prices replace the final commodity prices since, in the presence of uncertainty, resource allocation and therefore the output of each industry is governed by real equity prices. Using expected utility as a welfare criterion, it is shown that second‐best optimum can be achieved by a tariff on the intermediate good at a rate given by setting the new measure to zero. This note provides the theoretical foundations to the measure estimated by Eldor (1984

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00912.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A simple model is used to measure the transfer effects resulting from protection in Australia. The model is not concerned with the deadweight losses associated with protection. The concept of ‘true’ protection is employed to construct a transfer matrix which shows how income is transferred between sectors. The results indicate that exporters are the sole losers from protection. The cost to Australian exporters is about 1.5 per cent of

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00913.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports the use of a large data set of Australian government employees in an analysis of the influence of sex on voluntary labour turnover. Estimates derived from a conventional quit model are used to obtain ceteris paribus sex specific quit probabilities. These suggest that once other relevant variables are held constant, the expected quit differences between men and single women are significantly reduced. The analysis indicates clearly that the use of aggregate statistics may substantially exaggerate turnover differences attributable to sex.

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1986.tb00914.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY