摘要:

This paper reviews the author's (1971) tax rationalization proposal to examine whether a tax simplification scheme eliminating minor transaction taxes and reducing heavy reliance on personal income tax by introducing a general consumption tax continues to have merit for Australian tax reform. The first part of the paper points to increases in avoidance and evasion as a major change perceivable in Australian taxation between the 1960s and the 1980s and indicates other important changes that have occurred. Section II presents an equity and simplicity case for general indirect consumption taxation supplemented by personal income and wealth taxes. Section III discusses the inter‐governmental financial relations implications of the proposed rationalization. The paper concludes that in the light of events in 1983 such rationalization proposals suitably modified continue to have meri

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a recent paper Roberts (1978) has extended Ramanathan's model (1975) to a two‐sector, two‐currency and two‐country neoclassical growth model with flexible exchange rates. Under the assumption that the consumption good is relatively capital intensive, Roberts obtains two important propositions: an increase in domestic monetary expansion will increase the domestic overall capital intensity, decrease the foreign overall capital intensity, and worsen the terms of trade for the country importing the investment good; an increase in domestic monetary expansion may increase or decrease the level of trade. In this paper, we add to and generalize these results by using a simple yet thorough comparative statics analysis without the factor intensity condition.1It will be seen that the complexity and ambiguity of Roberts' results are substantially re

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper considers the choice between lump‐sum bidding and a tax conditional on net present value (of which the Resource Rent Tax is a practical example) as methods of collecting rent from mining projects. It demonstrates that there is an optimal combination of the two methods and that the relative emphasis to be placed on each depends heavily on the manner in which investors take risk into account. Four stylized ways in which investors and governments respond to risk are examined and, in addition to the more familiar types of risk, sovereign risk is introduced. The paper argues for the placing of relatively heavy emphasis on the conditional ta

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 13‐equation model is developed which captures the essential economic features of the housing industry in Australia. The importance of speculative builders and investors is recognized. Empirical results are presented for two key equations. The asset price of existing dwellings (including land) owned by persons is explained by a portfolio choice or generalized asset adjustment model. This asset price then feeds in as a determinant of new private construction, along with construction costs of new dwellings, financial variables and a measure of demand‐supply imbala

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Complete enforcement of income tax laws, designed to reduce income tax evasion to zero, is shown to be inefficient. Starting from a ‘full compliance’ policy, it is shown that a marginal reduction in enforcement will always allow for tax reductions, hence increases in theex‐anteutility levels of taxpayers. Only if the tax structure is rigid can full compliance be op

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We formally analyze the question of whether a price leader must control a large share of the market. Our main result is that if other producers have rising marginal costs and behave as price takers, even the smallest firm in a competitive industry with a rising supply curve can enhance its profits by cutting output and raising price, becoming a price leader. Therefore, we would expect pure competition to be destroyed under these technological conditions.

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Taxation of life insurance is generally considered to pose special and complex problems. These are alleged to stem from the special nature of life insurance. This paper challenges the notion that there is anything inherently special about the economics of life insurance and disputes the claim that it warrants special tax treatment. A model of the life insurance firm is presented and the appropriate basis for taxing life insurance companies and their policyholders is derived. This is compared with the system of taxation currently operating in Australia.

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper provides empirical estimates of the determinants of crime rates in Australia. It differs from most modern criminological analysis by being aggregative rather than offender‐based and by deriving from the economic approach to criminal behaviour. Its major finding is that court committals and imprisonments have operated as major deterrent factors in explaining variations in recorded crime rates. These deterrence results seem especially strong and robust. Improved measurement, however, could alter the findings for some other influences examined. The paper considers the relationship of these research findings to criminal justice polic

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two questions arise from the note by Hughes: is there a choice for policy in the short term between more production and less inflation and can special factors, such as institutional arrangements for the fixing of wages, have an influence on outcomes for inflation? We will take these questions in turn.

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY