摘要:

Piezoelectricity was first discovered in 1880 by the brothers Pierre and Jacques Curie.1They observed that when pressure is applied to the surface of a quartz crystal an electrical potential forms between the deformed surfaces, and they also found that the application of a voltage to a quartz crystal effected physical distortions. The crystal, when activated by a concise electrical charge, will vibrate mechanically for a short period until physical equilibrium is established.

ISSN:0007-8980    

DOI:10.1080/10408348808542806

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During the last 2 decades, a large variety of procedures for analytical atomic spectroscopy have been developed. This was a result of the need for more and more sensitive and precise methods of trace analysis in various fields of application. Most of the thinkable versions of combinations of the essential parts of the spectrometric arrangements have now been tried out, at least from the theoretical point of view, and often also experimentally. But there are still some possibilities left to form new setups for analytical purposes. This was especially promoted by the advent of tunable lasers as very intense, coherent, and spectrally narrow band radiation sources1. Spectroscopic methods originally devoted to fundamental physical or chemical studies have often been exploited as efficient tools for analytical purposes. This fruitful interaction between fundamental and applied research in atomic spectroscopy was recently analyzed by Alkemade2

ISSN:0007-8980    

DOI:10.1080/10408348808542807

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Roughly 20% of thermoanalytical publications deal with reaction kinetics or contain reaction kinetic evaluations.1Unfortunately, a great portion of these publications have presented contradictory or meaningless results, which induced a great deal of pessimism about the applicability of reaction kinetics for the evaluation of thermoanalytical curves.2–4In our opinion, however, the cause of the problem must be searched mainly in the application of oversimplified kinetic equations for processes composed from several chemical, physical, and physicochemical subprocesses. Careless experimental work and poor mathematical evaluation techniques have also contributed to the wrong performance of the reaction kinetics in this field. In the present review, we analyze the causes of this situation in detail. The discussion is concerned with the evaluation of nonisothermal experiments on reactions having at least one solid reactant.

ISSN:0007-8980    

DOI:10.1080/10408348808542808

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor