摘要:

AbstractBehavioral responses of marine and aquatic animals are characterized asR1(a first response of prolonged excitation),T(tetany or paralysis),I(inactivity and relaxation) and death as measured by the LD50. R1,T, andIare reversible responses and temperature dependent with each response occurring at high pressures as temperature increases. The lethal response is also temperature dependent but the tolerance to pressure increases with decreasing temperature. The responses are examined with reference to the ability of animals to successfully cope with the high pressure and low temperature of the abyssal environment.

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590202

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe methods and pressure chambers used in the experiments are described. Special attention is paid to standardization of results, to problems of operation, adiabatic heating, safety procedures, and philosophy of operation of the pressure systems in the exploration of the problem.

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590203

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the habitat temperature, northern cold planktonic species seem more resistant to pressure than related southern warm species. Generally, a prolonged “hyperactivity phase” was recognized between moderate and high hyperbaric levels in most planktonic species. Descriptions of reactions of various planktonic species to increasing pressure are given with reference to stimulated activity (R1), onset of tetany (T), and inactivity (I). On the basis of LD50levels, the 16 planktonic species show high, moderate, low or extremely low tolerance to one hour stress conditions of high hydrostatic press

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590204

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCapture of living deep‐sea animals is reviewed. The conditions for the successful recovery of living animals from the deep‐sea are elaborated with examples. Control of pressure, temperature, or both, appears to be a prerequisite for the capture of living deep‐sea animals. Deep‐sea animals (archibenthal) show a loss of theR1response in comparison with their shallow‐water counterparts. Genuine deep‐sea animals have now been recovered in a living state suitable for experimentation from the

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590205

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudy on the total spectrum of organisms (72 species) subjected to hydrostatic pressure as of this date allows one to established categories of pressure tolerance (resistance): Extremely high – eurybiotic forms (1000–1200 atm), High – marine littoral, planktonic, freshwater (600–1000 atm), Moderate – marine littoral, planktonic, freshwater (400–600 atm), Low – planktonic, freshwater (100–300 atm), Extremely low – planktonic, freshwater (0–100 atm). The average pressure tolerance of marine littoral species is higher than that of planktonic species but not significantly different from freshwater species. Eurybiotic species which are not marine seem to show the highest

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590206

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty species of aquatic animals belonging to 14 phyla of various levels of organic complexity were examined with reference to their ability to survive increasing hydrostatic pressure. The results of these experiments lead us to seriously question the commonly stated and often quoted hypothesis that there is an inverse relationship between pressure resistance and the complexity of organisms.

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590207

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of the pressure resistance of aquatic animals in different stages of their life cycle shows that adults generally are more tolerant of pressure than the egg and nauplii, but older adults appear less pressure resistant than younger adults. Data on many species of aquatic animals of different size shows no correlation between size and pressure resistance. It is concluded that size is not a special determinant in the successful deep‐sea colonization of shallow‐water animals and this is consonant with the fact of occasional large deep‐sea species whereas the average size is quite small in comparison with littoral sp

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590208

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn systematic examination of the pressure responses of a broad spectrum of organic life, it is very important to know the range of variation exhibited by a single species. As a consequence of extensive observations on the effects of pressure and temperature on behavioral responses, lethality, and metabolic responses, it is clear that the range of variation in pressure required to induce a response diminishes as the species taxon is approached. The rate of exposure to pressure does not influence the pressure required for reversible behavioral responses. In contrast, the duration of pressure dramatically influences the pressure required to achieve death with the shorter time periods requiring much higher pressure levels than the longer time periods. Notwithstanding this relationship there appears some evidence suggesting that short term acclimation to pressure does occur.

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590209

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plastid ultrastructure of 12 species ofCaulerpa(Chlorophyceae) was investigated by the electron microscope. A simpler pyrenoid structure was demonstrated in one species. The conspicuous concentric lamellar bodies, which are characteristic of algae with heteroplasty, were present both in the chloroplasts and the amyloplasts of all the species examined. The possible function and taxonomical value of the bodies were discussed.

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590210

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rare „μ‐Algae”︁ and Nannoplankton from Ponds of the Waldviertel (Nieder‐Österreich)The following rare μ‐ and nannoalgae, found in small ponds in the Waldviertel in Lower Austria are discussed:Microcystis ferruginea, Pedinomonas minutissima, Chlamydomonas dactylococcioides, Sphaerellopsis lefevrei, Scenedesmus denticulatusvar.fenestratus, Siderocelis kolkwitzii, Nephrochlamys allanthoidea, Kirchneriella irregularis, Coccomyxa minor,

ISSN:0020-9309    

DOI:10.1002/iroh.19740590211

出版商:Akademie Verlag, Berlin    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY