摘要:

Developmental morphology of the forelimb distal phalanges and lateral palmar processes of 9 Thoroughbred foals aged 3–32 weeks was assessed using radiography, microradiography and histology. For inclusion in the study, all distal phalanges had no pathologic radiographic abnormalities.Vascular channels that are characteristically found in the dorsal region of the distal phalanx were not evident radiographically in the palmar process. The proximal and distal angles of the palmar processes were separated by a lucent line continuous with the incisure in foals only through 12 weeks of age. The distal phalanges were triangular‐shaped in foals 3–12 weeks of age, and were oval‐shaped in older foals.The palmar aspect of the distal phalanx was the major contributor to growth of the distal phalanx in the sagittal plane, especially between 3 and 12 weeks of age. Growth of the lateral palmar process occurred through the means of endochondral ossification. The body and cortices of the lateral palmar process were composed of coarse cancellous bone. Porosity within the lateral palmar process was greater in regions sampled axial, compared to abaxial, to the parietal sulcus and did not change with age.A fracture was identified microradiographically and/or histologically in 9 of 18 (50%) and 10 of 17 (59%), respectively, of the lateral palmar processes examined. The fracture line was consistently associated with the parietal sulcus on the dorsal cortical surface and was always immediately abaxial to the deep digital flexor tendon attachment. No age‐related morphological changes of the lateral palmar processes were identified with microradiography or histological exa

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective study was initiated to investigate the incidence, radiographic appearance and progression of vertebral physitis, a condition the authors propose as a separate radiographic diagnosis from discospondylitis. From 30 dogs with an initial radiographic diagnosis of discospondylitis, six dogs (five less than two years old) had radiographic signs believed to represent vertebral physitis. Bone lysis initially confined to the caudal physeal zone of affected vertebrae and sparing the vertebral endplates characterized the vertebral physitis lesions. Subsequent collapse of the caudoventral vertebral body and reactive spondylosis arising only from the caudal vertebral margins followed as the lesions progressed. By contrast, discospondylitis lesions originated as symmetric lysis of the vertebral endplates with reactive sclerosis in both vertebral bodies, and subsequent symmetric spondylosis. As a result of the differing radiographic patterns demonstrated by the physitis and discospondylitis lesions the author's also propose an alternative pathogenesis from that which is generally accepted for discospondylitis.

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nasal adenocarcinomas have been reported to extend into the cranial vault and cause neurologic disease. This report discusses a dog and cat with nasal adenocarcinoma which extended into the retrobulbar space, base of the cranial vault and adjacent soft tissues. The invasive characteristics of the neoplasms were documented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Documentation of the extent of tumor is important if radiation therapy or surgery is planned. MRI was valuable in identifying extracranial and intracranial tumor invasion in these patients.

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐one dogs (60 joints) with clinical and radiographic signs of shoulder osteochondrosis were randomized in a study to compare the diagnostic quality of iopromide (Ultravist, Schering AG) (n = 29) and meglumine‐sodium diatrizoate (Urografin, Schering AG) (n = 31) in arthrography. The studies were performed using 1.5 to 4 ml of a solution of each contrast media at a concentration of 140 mg I/ml. Exposures were made within 5 minutes after intra‐articular injection. Iopromide gave a significantly better arthrographic quality (P<

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cultured murine embryonal carcinoma cells were exposed to the tri‐iodinated radiographic contrast media iopamidol, iohexol and metrizamide at concentrations below those used for clinical myelography and examined by light and electron microscopy. Cytologic changes consisting of swelling and vacuolation of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles were observed within 1 h of exposure to the contrast media. By 12 h of incubation cells altered shape, lifted from the culture dish and eventually died. These changes occurred irrespective of the osmolarity of the incubation medium and did not occur when cells were incubated in the presence of 1.16 mM EDTA or 10 mM Tris, which are present in commercial preparations of iopamidol and iohexol. Similar cytological changes were observed in cultures of neurons derived from embryonal carcinoma cells and in cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion cells. The results indicate that iopamidol, iohexol and metrizamide are cytotoxic to cells in culture at less than 20% of the concentration used for myelography and this could contribute to the adverse reactions to myelography seen in people and animal

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To determine the feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in dogs, biplane TEE was performed in 6 normal, anesthetized dogs, using a 10 mm × 110 cm endoscopic TEE transducer. Positioning was confirmed by fluoroscopy, and imaging planes were confirmed by necropsy examination.A transgastric position provided only a limited view of the left ventricular apex. Three TEE positions over the base of the heart were identified. A caudal position provided excellent images in both transverse and longitudinal planes, but alignment with flow for Doppler examination was poor. A middle position provided long axis views of the left ventricular inflow region and mitral valve suitable for Doppler examination. A cranial position provided excellent views for both anatomic and Doppler examination of right and left ventricular outflow and associated great vessels.We conclude that biplane TEE provides unique views of the heart in dogs which are complementary to, and often superior to, transthoracic views for evaluation of structures at the heart base

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objective of this study was to define, in detail, the anatomy of the portal and hepatic veins in the dog in order to establish a procedure for the systematic evaluation of the liver by ultrasonography. Anatomical details were obtained from the formalin fixed livers of ten dogs. The hepatic and portal veins were removed intact from these livers so that a detailed pattern of distribution could be established and the numbers of branches could be counted. Silastic casts were also made of the hepatic and portal veins of two livers, one in situ and one in which it had been removed. The former was to enable the relationship of the portal to the hepatic veins to be established as closely as possible within the animal and the other to provide a model of the distribution of each venous system within the liver. Contrast medium was infused into two other livers and radiographs taken to establish the relationship of each branch to each lobe. It was found that there was a consistent pattern of venous branching to each lobe of the liver in the dog with little variation between individual specimens. All liver lobes contained definite venous branches so that the left lateral and medial, quadrate, right medial and lateral, caudate and papillary veins could be distinguished in each venous system. We believe that an appreciation of this venous distribution will aid in the systematic evaluation of the liver during ultrasonography by enabling identification of each liver lobe. It should be of value for differentiating portal from hepatic veins and veins from dilated bile ducts.

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method for systematic examination of the livers was developed, based on identification of the hepatic and portal veins in sixteen dogs. The right medial, quadrate, left medial and lateral hepatic veins and the hepatic branches of the portal veins were easily located with the dog in dorsal recumbency. The right lateral and caudate hepatic veins were identified more easily from the right side with the transducer positioned between the ninth to the eleventh intercostal spaces. Visibility was affected by the fullness of the stomach but this effect could be minimized by changing the position of the transducer to select a more suitable anatomical approach. Identification of the two systems depended on their echogenicity, the anatomical position of the main branches and their pattern of distribution. As in humans, the portal veins were in general, more echogenic than the hepatic veins and the hepatic veins could be traced from their junctions with the caudal vena cava. Identification of the branches of the hepatic and portal veins was complicated by the anatomical shape, the nutritional status and respiratory stage of the animal. A systemic approach based on a knowledge of the distribution patterns produced by the hepatic and portal veins ensures that all liver lobes are identified and all important structures are assessed.

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY