摘要:

In a three‐year prospective study, computed tomographic (CT) and surgical findings were compared for nine large breed dogs with lumbosacral stenosis. Surgically‐excised tissue was examined histologically in seven dogs and additional necropsy evaluation was performed in one dog. The CT abnormalities observed at sites of confirmed cauda equina compression were: loss of epidural fat, increased soft tissue opacity, bulging of the intervertebral disc margin, spondylosis, thecal sac displacement, narrowed intervertebral foramen, narrowed vertebral canal, thickened articular process, articular process subluxation, articular process osteophyte, and telescoped sacral lamina. The CT characteristics of lumbosacral degenerative disease and discospondylitis were similar to those described in humans. In three dogs, CT findings at the site of cauda equina compression were consistent with congenital or developmental spinal stenosis, but the method of surgical exposure precluded confirmation. Epidural fibrosis (eight dogs) and multi‐level CT abnormalities (six dogs) were identified but the cause(s) and significance were un

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Meningiomas are common intracranial masses in the dog, and surgical or radiation treatment of meningiomas depends on accurate identification and location. In this review of 13 patients with confirmed meningioma, low field magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of cranial vault meningiomas included increased signal intensity on T2‐weighted images, decreased signal intensity on T1‐weighted images, and marked contrast enhancement that was usually nonhomogeneous and well‐defined. Mass effect and edema were usually present. Cyst formation and meningeal enhancement were also found in some patients. Low field magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the meningiomas in these patients were similar to those magnetic resonance imaging findings reported in humans and the few reports pertaining to an

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of the intercondylar fossa in cranial cruciate ligament injury has gained notable attention in humans and it's role is now being questioned in animals. Controversy exists regarding the accuracy of radiographs and computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the intercondylar fossa. This study compared radiographic and CT evaluation with gross evaluation of the intercondylar fossa. Six greyhounds were evaluated before notchplasty, immediately after notchplasty and 6 months after notchplasty in stable and unstable stifles. A fossa width index was used for comparison because it negates the effects of patient size and radiographic magnification. The fossa width index is calculated by dividing the width of the intercondylar fossa by the total condylar width.The fossa width indices of dogs determined from radiographs and CT were not significantly different before notchplasty except for the cranial fossa width indices which were more inconsistent and tended to underestimate the size when compared to gross measurements. At six months, both stable and unstable stifles had refilling of the notchplasty, but the unstable stifles had significantly greater refilling resulting in no significant enlargement in intercondylar fossa size as compared to the prenotchplasty size. Osteophytes that occurred within the intercondylar fossa were less radiopaque and more easily visualized by computed tomography. Computed tomography provided several advantages, including clearer visualization of the intercondylar fossa, avoiding superimposition of the intercondylar fossa by caudal thigh muscles or tuber ischii and the ability to analyze the cranial and caudal components of the intercondylar fossa separately.

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A yearling Thoroughbred colt was admitted to the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine with severe, progressive lameness of the left forelimb. A centrally located expansile lytic lesion involving approximately 40% of the distal phalanx with a large associated vascular channel was identified by radiography. Increased vascular phase pooling, increased soft tissue phase uptake, and a photopenic area on bone phase images corresponding to the lytic lesion within the left distal phalanx were identified by vascular, soft tissue, and bone phases of a three phase bone scan, respectively. Contrast medium accumulation and disappearance in dilated vessels within the lesion was apparent angiographically. The colt was euthanized and the histologic diagnosis was hemangioma of the distal phalanx with a pathologic fracture.

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aims of this study were to determine if accurate diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt was possible using two dimensional, grey‐scale ultrasonography, duplex‐Doppler, and color‐flow Doppler ultrasonography in combination, and to determine if dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts have increased or variable mean portal blood flow velocity. Eighty‐two dogs with clinical and/or clinicopathologic signs compatible with portosystemic shunting were examined prospectively. Diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt was subsequently confirmed in 38 of these dogs using operative mesenteric portography: 14(37%) dogs had an intrahepatic shunt and 24(63%) had an extrahepatic shunt. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 98%, and accuracy of 94%. Ultrasonographic signs in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts included small liver, reduced visibility of intrahepatic portal vessels, and anomalous blood vessel draining into the caudal vena cava. Correct determination of intra ‐ versus extrahepatic shunt was made ultrasonographically in 35/38 (92%) dogs. Increased and/or variable portal blood flow velocity was present in 21/30 (70%) dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. In one dog with an intrahepatic shunt the ultrasonographic diagnosis was based partly on finding increased mean portal blood flow velocity because the shunting vessel was not visible. Detection of the shunting vessel and placement of duplex‐Doppler sample volumes were facilitated by use of color‐flow Doppler. Two‐dimensional, grey‐scale ultrasonography alone is sufficient to detect most intrahepatic and extrahepatic shunts; sensitivity is increased by additional use of duplex‐Doppler and color‐flow Doppler. Increased and/or variable portal blood flow velocity occurs in the majority of dogs with congenital

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 44 live cheetahs were examined sonographically between 1989 and 1994. Seventeen of these animals originated from 4 European facilities, the other 27 cheetahs were examined in 3 facilities in Namibia. Evaluation of the cheetahs included a clinical examination, abdominal ultrasound, and complete blood work. Splenic myelolipomas were diagnosed sonographically in 11 cheetahs. In 7 cheetahs the diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy. Nine of the 14 cheetahs in Europe had myelolipomas in the spleen, while in the African cheetahs there were only 2 animals with myelolipomas. Histologically these lesions were characterized by fatty nodules. A more fitting term of Nodular Lipomatosis of the spleen is therefore suggested. All cheetahs with nodular lipomatosis of the spleen, had concurrent chronic diseases at necropsy. An indicator function of splenic nodular lipomatosis for chronic disease and/or stress is possible.

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mucosal margin of the urethra is best assessed by positive contrast urethrography, but ultrasonography offers complementary information such as urethral wall thickness and size of medial iliac lymph nodes. Ultrasonography of the urethra is quick, noninvasive and does not require sedation or general anesthesia. In patients with complete urethral obstruction, ultrasonography may be the only way to image the urethra. Twelve dogs which were presented to Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine with clinical signs referable to the urinary bladder, urethra or vagina were examined ultrasonographically. Seven were neutered females and five were neutered males. Each dog had a hyperechoic, nonshadowing line at the epithelial surface of the proximal urethra. In the seven female patients and one of the males, the urethral wall was also thick and hypoechoic to surrounding tissue. In the other males, the urethral epithelial changes were at the level of the prostate, and the limits of the urethra were not visible. In six dogs, the urethral change was the only abnormality seen, while in six, bladder wall, bladder luminal and/or prostatic parenchymal changes were also detected. Three patients had hydronephrosis, and one had enlarged medial iliac lyumph nodes. Biopsies were obtained via suction with urinary catheterization (n = 6), exploratory celiotomy (n = 3), urethroscopy (n = 2), or at post‐mortem (n = 1). A histopathologic diagnosis of urethral transitional cell carcinoma was obtained in ten dogs. The ultrasonographic appearance was not pathognomonic for transitional cell carcinoma, as one dog with transitional cell dysplasia and one dog with severe ulcerative and necrosupperative cystitis and urethral stricture had similar finding

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ultrasonography was performed on sciatic, tibial and/or peroneal nerves and interosseous muscles in 7 dogs using a ultrasound machine with a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. A tibial nerve was transected near the distal aspect of the bellies of the gastroenemius muscle. Serial neurologic examinations, electromyography, and ultrasonography were performed before and after surgery. Dogs were euthanized at variable intervals and histopathology performed on nerve samples. In sagittal images, normal nerves had hyperechoic walls with multiple internal linear echoes. In transverse images, the nerves were round or oval hyperechoic structures with internal punctate echoes. After transection, the proximal stump was consistently seen whereas the distal stump and nerve were harder to identify. Neuromas were present in all 5 dogs followed beyond 2 days and appeared as hypoechoic bulbous swellings most apparent at 3 weeks after surgery. Only 1 dog developed a neuroma large enough to be considered of potential clinical significance. Four dogs were followed beyond 2 months. Regeneration was evidenced by a steady growth of nerve with an irregular outline (2 dogs) or by a knobby connection between the proximal and distal stumps (1 dog). Regeneration was not detected in 1 dog.

ISSN:1058-8183    

DOI:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY