摘要:

Summary1The results have been described of an experimental investigation undertaken to determine the relative merits of a number of different suture materials for the repair of severed nerves.2Fine plain catgut, white silk and human hair are the most suitable materials for repairing nerves. Of these three silk has a slight advantage over plain catgut when technical factors as well as those associated with the reaction induced by the suture material are taken into consideration.3The outcome following nerve suture does not depend solely on the type of suture material employed but to a large degree on the manner in which it is used to unite the nerve ends. The principles which should govern the method of application of sutures in peripheral nerve surgery have been detailed.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1Carcinoma of the thyroid is much more common than is generally thought.2Age is no criterion as to its possible development.3It is most commonly found in association with or super‐imposed upon a single adenoma in the thyroid. The incidence in males is nearly double that in females in these cases.4It is seldom met in association with acute thyrotoxicosis but some cases of carcinoma of the thyroid may present a low‐grade chronic thyrotoxicosis.5It does occur occasionally in multi‐ nodular goitres and is usually evidenced by a rapid increase in growth with hardness in one area.6There are no reliable positive signs or symptoms to aid early diagnosis.7The best prophylaxis is early removal of all single adenomata irrespective of age and of the multiple adenomatous gland in which recent change has developed.8Excision of the affected area, lobectomy or even total thyroidectomy are the correct surgical procedures. Enucleation is to be avoided. Complete examination of the whole gland is advisable at operation.9In late stage cases without metastases resection of the tumour should be attempted and followed by deep X‐ray therapy.10It is seldom necessary to carry out a block dissection of the cervical glands.11In the papilliferous carcinomata all in‐ volved glands should be removed along with a lobectomy on the involved side.12All cases except the papilliferous tumours should be given adequate deep X‐ray therapy. Even in late stage cases, expectancy of life is increased and occasionally prolonged remission is met with.13The injudicious use of iodine in cases of adenomatous goitre may very possibly play a part in stimulating the on set of carcinoma.14It is most unlikely that “thio” compounds used for the control or cure of thyrotoxicosis will lead to the increase in carcinoma of the thyroid but all persistently enlarged glands after its use and all cases of toxic nodular goitre should be advised to un

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn review, at the early stage of varicosis there is in an area, a dilatation, sometimes of sudden onset, without valvnlar in competence, with centripetal pulsation and without involvement of the proximal part of the veins. At this stage the veins are capable of contraction, that is, the muscle is not degenerate nor intrinsically weak; yet dilatation does occur.These phenomena are explained by the action of some chemical factor, possibly a hormone or hormones of the oestrogen group, which have been shown to produce relaxation of smooth muscle in other tubes.Once the condition has developed, then, just as with other structures such as bones, mechanical factors come into play and produce the various secondary changes which are clearly the effect of hydrostatic stresses. These give rise to the structures which are “ill‐faced”, worse bodied, shapeless everywhere.The distinction between the two stages is of paramount importance in distinguishing between primary aetiological factors and those responsible for the more obvious and, in some respects, the more important secondary ch

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe problems of exact diagnosis, the correct treatment of advanced cardiospasm, and the management of acid regurgitation leading to oesophagitis and peptic ulcer are discussed.It is suggested that it is necessary to use all available methods of diagnosis before deciding on treatment. That while Heller's operation with certain safeguards is probably the best procedure for advanced cardiospasm, it is not wholly reliable, and should notbe resorted to lightly. That a flap of gastric mucosa might be useful in checking reflux after resection and oesophago gastrostomy. That a graft of diaphragmatic tissue might be useful in the fortification of an otherwise doubtful repair of a hiatus hernia.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTHE CLOACAL LIFE.1. The history of the operation of transplantation of the ureters into the bowel has been reviewed.2. Careful pre‐operative preparation of these patients is emphasised.3. An operative technique has been described in detail.4. The mortality and morbidity of this operation is shown to be reasonably low.5. The cloaca1 life is describe

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY, DESCRIPTIVE AND REGIONAL.ALFRED HOSPITAL CLINICAL REPORTS, 1949. Vol. 1, No. 1.COMBINED TEXTBOOU OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY. (For Students and Proctitionen.)THE HISTOLOGY OF THE BOOY TISSUE (With a Consideration of their Functions).CARCINOMA Of THE LARYNX. Sumlement No. 3.ADVANCES IN SURGERY. Vol. II.ESSENTIAL UROLOGY.THE BREAST. Structure: Function: Disease.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1950.tb03741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1950

数据来源: WILEY