ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The past thirty years has seen a profound change in emphasis and direction in the management of cancer. In many countries this has been away from traditional surgical management towards specialists trained primarily in medical oncology or radiotherapy. This trend has occurred despite the fact that surgery is still by far the most effective method of treatment of most common cancers. The effectiveness of sound cancer surgery and the importance of local disease control as an element in improving cure rates and palliation needs to be emphasised so that patients are not denied optimal treatment. The case for surgery can best be developed by encouraging special training and expertise in the field of surgical oncology, as one element in the provision of a surgical service for cancer patients.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent advances in protein chemistry and genetic engineering have revealed new information about the molecular lesions involved in the induction and maintenance of cancer cells. It is now known that a single base change in the DNA of human cells leads to cancer. The normal pathway of proliferation and differentiation is perturbed by changes to molecules involved in the intracellular biochemical pathways controlled by growth factors. Some cancer cells appear to produce their own growth factor, others have higher concentrations of growth factor receptors on their surface and others have mutated versions of the intracellular proteins linked to the growth factor receptors. This increased understanding of growth control in normal and neoplastic cell populations is gradually providing a foundation for new approaches to cancer therapy.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Naturally occurring substances in plasma capable of suppressing immune responses have been described in health and in benign and malignant diseases. The present study attempted to identify the factors responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of plasma from healthy subjects (n= 5) and patients with benign (10) and malignant (12) diseases. Plasma samples were fractionated by gel filtration and the distribution of specific protein was determined. The suppressive activity of plasma and plasma fractions against autologous and allogenic lymphocytes was measured using a rapidin vitroelectrophoretic test. Plasma suppressive activity (PSA) was low in normal subjects and well nourished patients with benign disease and was associated entirely with alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (a2M). PSA was significantly increased in patients with malignancy and was associated mainly with a2M although immune complexes, IgG and small molecular weight substances were also immunosuppressive. Plasma a2M concentrations were similar in all groups but the suppressive activity associated with a2M differed dramatically. The study demonstrates that PSA can be measured quantitatively and that a2M is an important immunoregulatory protein in cancer patients. On the basis of the results obtained a new hypothesis of tumour‐mediated immune suppression is pro

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of 152 women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer is presented. Only 32% of unselected women responded to appropriate endocrine therapy; 64% responded if ER was present and 71% if both ER and PR were present. Survival for the endocrine responders was prolonged and of good quality. Chemotherapy, used subsequently as initial treatment in ER negative women, significantly improved response rates but without a survival advantage. However, there was a strong clinical impression that good performance status was maintained until shortly before death. This data suggests therapy given according to hormone receptor status is of value and confirms the validity of our hormone receptor assays as applied to clinical practice.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As part of a programme to assess the para‐endocrine behaviour of human infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma among Chinese women, this study was designed to compare (Mann‐Whitney U test) the immunoreactive mammary tumour tissue concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) and prolaction (PRL) at stages I (n= 9), II (n= 12) and III (n= 7) with that of normal breast tissue (n= 8). It was found that with the exception of FSH and (β‐hCG in stages I and III significantly elevated concentrations of protein hormones were noted at all stages of malignancy. The possible importance of these findings in multi‐stage mammary carcinogenesis is discussed. It is suggested that measurement of LH concentration may provide an endocrine basis to facilitate the diagnosis of tumours to serve as a guide to the biological behaviour of mammar

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐five patients with metastatic germ cell tumour were treated with chemotherapy. Complete remission was achieved in 63% of all cases and in 65% of patients whose primary tumour arose in the testis or ovary. Surgical resection of abdominal masses persisting after chemotherapy was performed in seven patients, two of whom were found to have persistent tumours. Twenty‐seven of the 33 patients with teratoma originating in the gonads remain in complete remission. Total serum LDH activity was elevated in 28 of the patients with measurable disease. The increased LDH was not accompanied by significant alteration in other hepatic enzymes nor were hepatic metastases demonstrable in these patients. Fractionation of the LDH demonstrated that the increased LDH in these patients was located in either iso‐enzymes 1 or fractions 1 + 2. Alteration of the serum LDH activity correlated with the response to therapy and warrants further

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A patient who developed a rhabdomyosarcoma following apparently successful chemotherapy for metastatic germ cell testicular carcinoma is presented. This newly recognized association may be seen particularly in patients whose initial germ cell malignancy contains immature teratoma. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The findings in this patient suggest that re‐biopsy of recurrent disease be undertaken wherever possible, particularly where immature teratoma was a feature of the initial histopathology. A proportion of relapsing patients as described may not in fact have recurrent germ cell malignancy, but may have developed high grade, and often chemoresistant sarcomas. These second tumours appear to have an extremely poor prognosis, unless amenable to complete surgical resectio

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY