ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Diabetes mellilus and surgery interact in two separate but important ways. Surgery has hormonal and metabolic consequences which tend to worsen the diabetic state. Diabetes has effects on blood vessels, and resistance to infection and wound healing, that tend to complicate surgery. In this review, the pathophysiological bases for these two interactions will be discussed, and practical methods of minimizing their consequences will be suggested.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) involves cannulation of the papilla of Vater followed by contrast radiology of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. With experience, X‐ray films of the desired duct(s) can be obtained in 90% of patients, with minimal patient discomfort and a low frequency of complications. Retrograde cholangiography accurately assesses the site and cause of biliary tract obstruction. Retrograde pancreatography reveals ductal abnormalities in most patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and the nature of the abnormality usually permits differentiation of the two diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of ERCP is enhanced by cytological evaluation of pure pancreatic juice, while endoscopic sphincterotomy is a therapeutic option in selected patients with choledocholithiasis and papillary stenosis. Current developments include endoscopic aspiration biopsy of the pancreas and endoscopy of pancreatic and biliary ducts, using a miniature endoscope passed down a channel in the parent instrumen

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ultrasound can be of considerable help to the surgeon in the diagnosis ot non‐bowel abdominal lesions and of peripheral soft tissue masses. Its relationship to established radiological and nuclear medicine techniques and computed tomography is discussed. The place ol ultrasound in an organ imaging department is outline

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighty‐four patients have undergone surgical exploration following a clinical diagnosis of hyperpathyroidism over a 20‐year period. Urinary tract calculi were the major indication for exploration, and 90% of these patients had recurrent calculi. Osteitis fibrosa was a rare presentation of hyperparathyroidism. Lethargy, sometimes profound, was an important symptom, in some instances the dominant feature. Persisitent hypercalcaemia remains the chief diagnostic investigation, with helpful confirmation from estimation of the parathyroid hormone level. Little attempt was made in this series to utilize preoperative localization techniques, reliance being placed on meticulous bloodless surgery to find normal and abnormal parathyroid tissue. Eight‐five explorations were carried out in the 84 patients. Seventy‐four of the explorations were successful, converting the patient to a normocalcaemic state. Of these, 63 had a single adenom

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The hormones of reproduction have been implicated in breast cancers of women. A short reproductive life, and a pregnancy prior to the age of 30 years, both reduce the risk of breast cancer (Doll, 1975). In addition, removal of endogenous sources of oestrogens, and administration of anti‐oestrogens, cause some breast cancers to regress (Stoll, 1969). Such observations have led to an investigation of the role of the hormones of reproduction, and of oestrogen in particular, in the maintenance of breast cancer

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Computed tomography is an excellent non‐Invasive method for visualization of the size and extent of abdominal aortic aneurysms. It demonstrates the size of the lumen and the amount of thrombus in the aneurysm, and detects complications such as dissection and leakag

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ultrasonic examination of the breast with grey scale echography gives considerable information about the composition of the constituent tissues. This information alone is sometimes of major assistance in the management of the individual patient, particularly in young women with nodular breasts due to dysplastic changes. The method is complementary to the more commonly used visualization techniques and should be considered, particularly in young women, as the first imaging technique to examine palpable masses in the breast, prior to the utilization of ionizing radiation.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY