ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveThis study examines the effects of a dietary supplement of isoflavones on cognitive function in postmenopausal women.DesignParticipants for this 6-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial were women who were in good health, were postmenopausal at least 2 years, and were not using estrogen replacement therapy. Between July 24, 2000, and October 31, 2000, 56 women aged 55 to 74 years were randomized; 2 in the placebo group and 1 in the active treatment group did not complete the 6-month evaluation, and none withdrew because of adverse effects. Women randomized to active treatment (n = 27) took two pills per day, each containing 55 mg of soy-extracted isoflavones (110 mg total isoflavones per day; Healthy Woman: Soy Menopause Supplement, Personal Products Company, McNeil-PPC Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA). Women assigned to placebo (n = 26) took two identical-appearing pills per day containing inert ingredients. Cognitive function tests administered at baseline and follow-up included the following: Trails A and B, category fluency, and logical memory and recall (a paragraph recall test assessing immediate and delayed verbal memory).ResultsAt baseline, all women were cognitively intact; there were no significant differences by treatment assignment in age, education, depressed mood, or cognitive function (allPvalues > 0.10). Compliance was 98% and 97%, respectively, in the placebo and treatment groups; all women took at least 85% of their pills. The women in the treatment group did consistently better, both as compared with their own baseline scores and as compared with the placebo group responses at 6 months. Comparisons of percentage change in cognitive function between baseline and follow-up showed greater improvement in category fluency for women on active treatment as compared with the case of those on placebo (P= 0.02) and showed (nonsignificantly) greater improvement on the two other tests of verbal memory and Trails B.ConclusionThese results suggest that isoflavone supplementation has a favorable effect on cognitive function, particularly verbal memory, in postmenopausal women.

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the increasing occurrence of urinary and voiding dysfunction is independently influenced by the transition from pre- to postmenopause or by the interactive and additive effects of age-associated changes in bladder and urethral function.DesignOf the 1,584 women randomly sampled from a community-based health population, 1,253 (79.1%) were successfully interviewed. The participants were asked to reply to the Bristol Female Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire regarding various storage symptoms and voiding dysfunction. The &khgr;2test and Cochran-Armitage trend test were used for analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of storage symptoms such as frequency, urgency, nocturia, and urge incontinence in premenopausal and menopausal groups was 18.0% versus 29.8%, 9.8% versus 20.7%, 21.2% versus 38.2%, and 6.8% versus 15.7%, respectively (allP< 0.05). In premenopausal and menopausal groups, the prevalence of hesitancy, poor stream, incomplete emptying, voiding with abdominal straining, discontinuous urine flow, and dribbling was also significantly different (17.2% v 22.9%, 17.8% v 25.7%, 12.7% v 21.9%, 4.9% v 11.6%, 16.2% v 24.5%, and 9.4% v 17.6%, respectively; allP< 0.05). However, the occurrences of various storage symptoms, namely, frequency, urgency, nocturia, and urge incontinence, as well as voiding symptoms such as incomplete emptying, discontinuous urine flow, and dribbling, were also significantly associated with the normal aging process (P< 0.05).ConclusionsOur results imply that the increasing occurrences of storage and voiding dysfunctions are not only affected by pre- and postmenopausal transition but are also closely associated with aging changes.

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between ovarian volume and age, hormonal levels, obesity, and phase of menstrual cycle in pre- and perimenopausal women.DesignA study was carried out with 98 women from the general population who were not receiving drugs known to interfere with hormonal levels. Right and left ovary volume was measured by ultrasound. Blood samples were drawn for estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone determinations.ResultsFourteen women were excluded because of the presence of ovarian cysts. Mean ovarian volume for pre- and perimenopausal women was 7.1 ± 3.1 cm3. There was no statistical difference in ovarian volume related to the phases of the menstrual cycle. Ovarian volume was significantly smaller in all age groups over 40 years compared with the 35-to-39 age group (P< 0.05). No association was observed between ovarian volume and body mass index. In turn, age (P= 0.013) and follicle-stimulating hormone levels (P= 0.002) showed a significant negative correlation, and luteinizing hormone showed a significant positive correlation with ovarian volume (P= 0.005).ConclusionsOvarian volume was smaller in pre- and perimenopausal women aged 40 years and older in relation with younger women. The current standard measurements of ovarian volume by transvaginal ultrasound should be reevaluated for pre- and perimenopausal women between 40 and 55 years of age.

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo audit the effectiveness of the anticonvulsant gabapentin on hot flushes in postmenopausal women.DesignThis was an open case series involving 11 postmenopausal women who were willing to take gabapentin for the relief of their hot flushes and were willing to keep a diary recording the number and intensity of their hot flushes, both before and during treatment. Gabapentin was started at a dose of 300 mg, to be taken at night, and the women were instructed to increase the dose up to 1,200 mg, according to symptom behavior.ResultsEleven women agreed to participate for on average 53.22 days (range, 2–79 days), but two discontinued participation—one before starting treatment and one after 2 days—so there are complete data sets for nine women. Gabapentin was found to be extremely effective in reducing hot flush activity (P < 0.001;Fig. 1). A significant reduction in symptoms was observed with a dose of 300 mg/day (P< 0.001). Scores on the Green Climacteric Scale were significantly improved from a mean of 25.72 (range, 12–42) to 19.25 (range, 13–31; P < 0.001). Palpitations (P = 0.001), panic attacks (P = 0.0001), mood (P = 0.023), muscle and joint pains (P = 0.021), and paresthesias and loss of sensation in the extremities (P = 0.001) were also shown to improve with treatment.ConclusionsIn the present case series, gabapentin was well tolerated and could be a valuable alternative for the treatment of hot flushes in women with contraindications to hormonal replacement therapy. It would be particularly beneficial for women in whom aches and pains and paresthesias are also a significant feature of the climacteric syndrome.

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveThe first step in atherosclerosis is characterized by the adherence of lymphocytes and monocytes to cell adhesion molecules expressed by endothelial cells. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the effect of tibolone on the circulating levels of various cell adhesion molecules.DesignThirty postmenopausal women were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled outpatient trial.ResultsTibolone led to a significant decrease in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-3, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, but had no effect on monocyte chemotactic protein-1.ConclusionsThe direct favorable effects of tibolone on endothelial cells may explain the clinical benefits of this substance in terms of anti-ischemic effects and osteoporosis prevention.

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveVisceral adipose tissue (VAT) is increased in the postmenopausal state, which may contribute to an increase in cardiovascular diseases. This study was undertaken to investigate whether there is a difference in the change of VAT during a weight reduction program between premenopausal and postmenopausal obese women.DesignThis study was a longitudinal clinical intervention of a weight reduction program, including lifestyle modification and adjuvant pharmacotherapy, for 12 weeks in 21 premenopausal and 19 postmenopausal obese women. Weight, height, body fat percentage, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. Visceral, subcutaneous, and total adipose tissue of the abdomen were determined by CT scan at the level of L4-L5 before and after weight reduction.ResultsThe percent changes in VAT and the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio, as well as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, in the postmenopausal women were significantly less than those in the premenopausal women, whereas the percent changes in hip circumference, fat mass, total adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were similar in the two groups. The association between percent changes of VAT and the percent change of waist circumference is stronger in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women.ConclusionsThe postmenopausal women lost less VAT compared with the premenopausal women during the weight reduction program. This may make it more difficult for postmenopausal women to overcome the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases compared with premenopausal women.

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Through a survey of the literature and an analysis of selected national and regional statistics, a review of the incidence of osteoporosis and its consequences was performed. Results illustrate that the consequences of osteoporosis are preventable and should sensitize clinicians to the importance of early detection and the identification of risk factors for disease prevention and to early treatment once disease has been established. A marked increase in the annual incidence of hip fractures in all Canadians is noted. Whereas the incidence was less than 20,000 in 1981, the incidence of hip fracture grew to 27,342 in 1995, with 73% occurring in women. It is estimated that in Canada at least one in four women older than 50 years will have one or more osteoporosis-related fractures in their lifetimes. The consequences of these fractures are considerable, both for patients and healthcare services. Only half of all victims regain total autonomy, and the total direct costs in Canada stemming from osteoporosis are estimated to be $1.3 billion per year.

ISSN:1072-3714    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID