ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BackgroundDiffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is an inflammatory disorder of the retina thought to be caused by a motile worm. It initially presents with unilateral recurring crops of gray-white retinal lesions and mild to severe inflammation. Over a period of months, diffuse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes, arteriolar attenuation, and optic atrophy will develop. In approximately 25% of cases, a worm is visualized during the eye examination. Laser treatment to kill the worm is the only reliable way to halt progression of this disease.MethodsThe following case report presents a 9-year-old girl with unilateral vision loss.ResultsClinical observation and several blood tests to rule out systemic diseases resulted in a diagnosis of DUSN. Although a worm was not visualized, laser treatment of its suspected location resulted in recovery of some vision.ConclusionsDUSN is often diagnosed by clinical presentation alone, because a worm may not be vusualized. An appropriate initial work-upand timely initiation of laser treatment are essential to preservation of vision. (Optom Vis Sci 1999;76:444-454)

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This report reviews the causes of ocular pain and discusses the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of tramadol, a novel non-narcotic oral analgesic. Tramadol is a synthetic analog of codeine with a dual mechanism of action that involves agonist activity at themuopioid receptor, as well as inhibition of monoaminergic (norepinephrine and serotonin) re-uptake. Unlike opiate analgesics, tramadol has very low propensity toward physical dependence. Common dose-related adverse effects of tramadol include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, and/or drowsiness. Clinically, tramadol has been shown to be equivalent to acetaminophen (325 mg)- codeine (30 mg) combinations for the treatment of moderate or severe nonocular pain. Tramadol appears to be an effective analgesic agent for pain control due to postoperative surgical trauma, as well as in various chronic malignant and nonmalignant disease states. Tramadol has shown variable effectiveness in the control of pain related to dental procedures. The usefulness of tramadol in pain states from ophthalmic origin has yet to be clinically established.

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID