ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Background.The nation’s first one-year, Council on Optometric Education accredited hospital-based optometry residency program began at the Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center in 1975. As part of the 25th anniversary review, past residents were surveyed to determine whether the residency had met their goals and influenced their postresidency activities. This is the first in-depth study of a single residency program.Methods.A 34-question survey was developed based on one previously used in a 1987 national study of Veterans Affairs residents. The survey was designed to provide data comparable to that found in other residency surveys.Results.Forty-eight of 50 former residents responded, and at least one survey was returned for every year from 1975 through 2000. One hundred percent of residents noted that the program met or exceeded expectations in patient diversity, workload, and level of responsibility. Additionally, almost 30% of residents currently or previously held Veterans Affairs staff positions, and they have collectively published 316 papers, 33 textbook chapters, and five textbooks.Conclusions.Judged by these responses, the Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Optometry Residency Program offers an exceptional clinical training program that surpasses resident expectations. Finally, former graduates of the program have made a significant contribution to patient care and to the optometric profession as demonstrated by their clinical, academic, and research accomplishments.

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data on the prevalence of reported visual impairment and on the utilization of rehabilitation services were collected on a sample consisting of 1777 community-residing people aged at least 65 years. A visual disability was considered to be present if the answer to at least one of the following two questions was positive: Do you have trouble reading ordinary newsprint with glasses (if normally worn)? Do you have trouble clearly seeing the face of someone 12 feet away with glasses (if normally worn)? Prevalence of a reported near disability was 7.6%, prevalence of a reported distance disability was 4.4%, and 3.5% of subjects reported both types of disability. In a subsample of the surveyed population, the positive predictive value was 21% and the negative predictive value was 100%, using moderate or worse visual impairment as the gold standard. Among those answering yes to both questions, 11.4% received services from a rehabilitation center and 10.0% from a nonprofit agency. The utilization rates (adjusted to apply only to those whose visual impairment was confirmed by visual examination) reached 20% for rehabilitation centers and 17.5% for nonprofit agencies. Low utilization of rehabilitation services raises questions concerning the role of general eye care practitioners, community-based health centers, and rehabilitation centers in the rehabilitative process of the visually impaired elderly.

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Purpose.Ocular shape is altered in myopia, and accommodation during nearwork is a proposed risk factor for myopia. Using relative peripheral refractive error (RPRE), ocular shape was assessed before, during, and after a period of sustained nearwork to determine whether accommodation affects ocular shape.Methods.Measurements of RPRE at 30° in the nasal visual field were obtained using the spherical equivalent calculated from Canon R-1 autorefraction. The RPRE of 41 young adults was measured on two separate occasions separated by at least 1 week to assess RPRE repeatability. Later, the RPRE of 22 young adults was measured at a 0 D accommodative stimulus and then at a 3 D stimulus level at 0, 1, and 2 h during which subjects performed sustained nearwork at 33 cm. After 2 h of nearwork, subjects had RPRE measured at prescribed time intervals over a 1-h period in which they looked in the distance (0 D stimulus).Results.The measurement of RPRE had adequate repeatability (mean difference ± SD, −0.05 ± 0.35 D) with ±0.68 D as the 95% limits of agreement. The onset of accommodation produced an immediate hyperopic shift of RPRE relative to baseline (+0.37 ± 0.44 D; p = 0.0007), indicating that ocular shape had become more prolate. This shape remained unchanged after 1 h of sustained accommodation (RPRE difference from baseline, +0.25 ± 0.55 D; p = 0.04) and then returned to baseline dimensions after 2 h of accommodation (RPRE difference from baseline, +0.11 ± 0.39 D; p = 0.21). At the 0 D stimulus level one minute after the period of nearwork, RPRE became more myopic relative to baseline (RPRE difference from baseline, −0.28 ± 0.50 D; p = 0.016). Ocular shape returned to baseline dimensions after 45 min of accommodative relaxation.Conclusions.Accommodation induced the ocular shape to become more prolate. The opposite occurred after accommodation was relaxed, namely a change toward a more oblate ocular shape. The transient nature of these changes suggests that tension on the choroid and choroidal hysteresis may play a role in influencing ocular shape.

ISSN:1040-5488    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID