摘要:

AbstractThis essay is about human resource management, internal labour markets and assorted theories of wage behaviour. A stereotype of managerial activities and policies is sketched out in the first section, which, although reflecting a parochial (US) orientation, is intended to approximate a set of real‐world conditions to which analyses of labour market behaviour should presumably relate. In the second section we consider ‘institutionalist’ interpretations, which either supplement or challenge standard market analysis by appeal to the historical record, the behavioural sciences or even the consensus of expert behaviour. In particular, the importance of ‘conventional’ forces, based heavily on perceptions of equity, interpersonal preferences and custom and practice, is revealed by the scholarship and insights of Henry Phelps Brown. Next (Section 3) are assessed the claims and contributions of a sample of theories based on the assumption of individualistic utility maximization in competitive markets: the theories of equalizing wage differentials, human capital, deferred compensation, transaction costs, implicit contracts and (least conventional) efficiency wages. None is found to be lacking in interpretive value or relevance to one or more attributes of the stereotype, and all help to relate it to a wider family of markets and to economic behaviour. In general, however, this group is less satisfactory in explaining why wages should be high enough ‐ in a present‐value sense and relative to market‐clearing levels ‐ to contribute to the relative insulation of internal labour markets and to restrict employment. An exception is provided by efficiency wage theory, in particular by one of its older variants, which, because it is based on group (rather than individualistic) psychology and behaviour, is discu

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndustrial conciliation and arbitration have been pivotal in pay determination in Australia throughout the twentieth century. This paper examines how these institutions influence macroeconomic performance, paying special reference to their impact on cost inflation. It goes on to evaluate the contribution of the Accord (incomes policy) in the last decade. Consensus and participation within the institutional framework are shown to be essential for effective wage policy.

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents evidence on some of the key variables that have determined the economic status of different groups in the working population. Economic status is set by the level and security of real income and consumption. These are themselves determined by access to resources in the areas of the labour market, public services and social security, and in housing. The paper reviews the period between 1880 and 1990, and puts forward the likely situation in the year 2000. The century began with an agenda set by the problems of falling real incomes and poverty. It is likely to end with the problems of economic and demographic ageing as the main focus.

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with one central question: the choice between theories, and the role played by data in that choice. It deals with the uses economists may make of data and the importance of understanding the institutional basis that gives rise to the data ‐ an area in which labour economists have traditionally been particularly strong ‐ and with the relevance of assumptions. It deals with the ultimate need to choose between competing theories (despite the role of conventionalism) on the basis of data rather than retreating into a comfortable ‘methodological pluralism’. It considers the role of test replication, with reference to the practice in natural science (and its role there in checking scientific fraud) and concludes that, despite extensive technical problems of testing, economists have to accept a data check if the rhetoric of mathematical technicality is not to overwhelm the need to explain. Parallels are drawn with experience in physics (and the implications of the development of Chaos and Catastrophe for a naively predictionist view are noted), medicine and history (of which, it is argued, modern economists are far too negl

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00774.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The History of the Transport and General Workers' Union: Volume One, Parts One and Two: The Emergence of the Labour Movement 1870–1922by Ken Coates and Tony TophamFor the Good of the Game: The Official History of the Professional Footballers' Associationby John HardingComparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations in Industrialised Market Economies Volume 1: Labour Lawedited by R. BlanpainLes Systèmes de relations professionnelles: Examen critique d'une théorieedited by Jean‐Daniel Reynaud, François Eyraud, Catherine Paradeise and Jean Saglio, Editions du CNRSA Handbook of Dispute Resolution: ADR in Actionedited by K. J. MackiePublic Sector Industrial Relations by P. B. BeaumontMultinational Banks and their Social and Labour PracticesIn Search of Flexibility: The New Soviet Labour Marketedited by Guy StandingIndustrial Harmony in Modern Japan: The Invention of a Traditionby W. Dean KinzleyPoor Work: Disadvantage and the Division of Labouredited by Philip Brown and Richard ScaseThe Sociology of Work: An Introductionby Keith GrintThe Political Economy of Pensions: Power, Politics and Social Change in Canada, Britain and the United Statesby Richard Lee DeatonLabour Relations in Eastern Europe: Organizational Design and Dynamicsby K. Petkov and J. E. M. ThirkellThe State and the Spatial Management of Industrial Changeedited by D. C. Rich and G. J. R. LingePublic Policy under Thatcheredited by Stephen P. Savage and Lynton RobinsConsumer Culture and Postmodernismby Mike Feath

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1080    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.1992.tb00780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY