摘要:

SUMMARYIsolated hyphal walls of the oomycete,Leptomitus lacteus, contain approximately 74%β-glucans, the major portion of which is apparently composed of (1→3)- and (1→6)-linked glucosyl residues. Cellulose occurs as cellulose I of relatively low crystallinity and constitutes approximately 6.2–7.5% of wall weight. Hexosamine polymers account for 14.5% of wall weight. The major portion of the hexosamine fraction (13.8%) is insoluble and assumed to be present as chitin. The qualitative presence of chitin was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The protein content of 3.6% is made up of a broad assortment of the common amino acids plus low levels of hydroxyproline. Additionally, small amounts of readily extracted and bound lipids (1.8% total) and ash (0.3%) are present. In general, the wall composition ofL. lacteusis quite similar to that of the related fungus,Apodachlyasp. and this work supports the assertion that walls of leptomitaceous species are chitinous in contrast with walls of rhipidiaceous species which apparently are not.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020236

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe host-parasite relationship betweenFusariumsp. andStephanoma phaeospora, a biotrophic contact mycoparasite, was studied using both light and electron microscopy. The mode of parasitism as well as features of the host-parasite interface were determined to be similar to those previously reported for theAlternaria tenuis-Gonatobotrys simplexinteraction. Plasmodesmata, 24 to 28 nm in diam, traversed the interface between the two fungi. Virus-like particles, 40 to 47 nm in diam, were observed only in nuclei ofS. phaeospora.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020237

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYPeronophythora litchiiwas isolated again from diseased litchi fruits and its morphology reinvestigated. Its sex organs and its ability to grow on artificial media are characteristic of the Pythiaceae. However, the branched, determinate sporangiophores of this fungus resemble those of the Peronosporaceae. The name of the speciesPeronophythora litchiiis validated and a new family, Peronophythoraceae, is proposed to accommodate the fungus. A key to the families of Peronosporales is presented.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020238

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBased upon data obtained from a study of the type as well as from Heim's and Singer and Smith's descriptions and from several fresh specimens collected by the author,Psilocybe aztecorumis here emended. This fungus is reported for the first time from four new localities in the states of Mexico and Tlaxcala.Psilocybe bonetiiis reduced to varietal status ofP. aztecorum.Relationships withP. baeocystis, P. quebecensisandP. cyanescensare discussed and a possible evolutionary pathway of these species is proposed. The description ofP. baeocystisis emended.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020239

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe antifungal effect of an aqueous extract of garlic was tested against 18 strains ofCryptococcus neoformans.Nine strains were clinical isolates, eight were laboratory-induced pseudohyphal variants, and one was an ultraviolet-radiation-induced, nonencapsulated mutant. Saturated-disk sensitivity tests showed average zones of inhibition of 37.9 mm. Quantitative disk tests (20μl garlic extract per disk) revealed average zones of inhibition of 17.8 mm on Sabouraud-dextrose agar and 17.3 mm on modified Czapek-Dox agar. Tube dilution tests of twoC. neoformansstrains showed that garlic extract concentrations≥1: 512 were fungicidal. The results of this study reveal that low concentrations of aqueous garlic extract are both inhibitory and lethal to numerous strains ofC. neoformans.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020240

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYStudies of nutrition and growth were carried out with two isolates of the marine fungusZalerion maritimum.Experiments showed no difference in growth between flasks which received 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mg/ml inoculum. One isolate grew on nutrient solution which contained thiamine, alone or in combination with other vitamins; the other isolate grew on nutrient solution which included thiamine and/or biotin. Experiments with reinoculated medium showed that growth was reduced in batch culture by the lowpH conditions produced during growth in a nutrient solution containing ammonium. MES ([2-N-morpholino] ethanesulfonic acid) buffer maintained thepH of the nutrient solution closer to the original value of 7.5 than did THAM (tris [hydroxymethyl] aminomethane) buffer. Chemical analyses of the nutrient solution during growth ofZ. maritimumshowed that ammonium was taken up to the complete exclusion of nitrate. After the 2-wk incubation period, 20% of the glucose and all of the phosphate had been removed from the nutrient solution. We suggest that standard media for the cultivation of marine fungi be adjusted to decrease the concentration of glucose, and increase the concentration of phosphate. We also suggest that MES replace THAM as a buffer in ammonium-containing media.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020241

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYIn streams, amphibious Hyphomycetes colonize needles ofPinus strobus, Pinus resinosa, Picea glauca, andAbies balsameaslowly and sparsely. Levels of colonization are greatly increased if the needles are treated with cold chloroform, methanol, hot ethanol, hot water or sliced in half lengthwise, before immersion in the stream. Dry heat at 70 C and 110 C applied to needles in air-tight and well ventilated conditions does not significantly facilitate subsequent colonization in the stream. The cuticular and epidermal layers of needles pretreated with hot ethanol and hot water show progressive deterioration during 36 da of immersion in the stream; this was not observed in untreated needles. We suggest that the physical barrier presented by the cuticle and epidermis plays an important role in retarding colonization of conifer needles by amphibious Hyphomycetes.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020242

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe marine deuteromyceteZalerion maritimumwas grown in a simulated marine environment containing the chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides aldrin and dieldrin, with and without glucose. Fungal response was measured in terms of dry wt and cell-nitrogen increase. Pesticide fate was observed by gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of culture-fraction extracts after growth with unlabeled compounds and by scintillation and radioautographic TLC assays of culture-fraction extracts after growth with“C-labeled compounds. Growth of the fungus was stimulated by up to 250μg/ml of the pesticides which appeared to be partially degraded to hydrophobic and hydrophilic metabolites. Aldrin did not appear to degrade via dieldrin and the close structural relationship did not always elicit comparable behavior. Dieldrin, more possibly than aldrin, may have been cometabolized with glucose. The fungus appeared to absorb about 2000-fold more pesticide than remained in growth media which indicates bioconcentration and possible negative effects on the ocean food chain.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020243

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYGravity appears to induce bi-directional growth from germinating spores of the phycomycetous endomycorrhizal fungusGigaspora margarita.Germ tubes grow upward and secondary branched hyphae grow downward. Echinulate vesicle clusters are produced on the branched hyphae.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020244

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020245

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor