摘要:

ABSTRACTGerm tubes of the dimorphic human pathogenic fungusCandida albicansare hydrophobic, but the level of yeast cell wall hydrophobicity is dependent on growth temperature. Cell wall hydrophobicity of several other dimorphic fungi was assessed in order to determine whether this characteristic is a common feature of these organisms. Yeast and mycelial monomorphic fungi were also tested. Cell wall hydrophobicity was determined by the ability of unmodified polystyrene latex microspheres to attach to fungal cells. Mycelial forms of four dimorphic fungi,Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, andParacoccidioides brasiliensis, and two monomorphs,Aspergillus fumigatusandPenicillium chrysogenum, were hydrophobic. Expression of surface hydrophobicity of yeast cells was organism-specific. Growth temperature did not determine the level of surface hydrophobicity of two monomorphic yeasts,Saccharomyces cerevisiaeandCryptococcus neoformans.However, the general distribution of microspheres attached toS. cerevisiaediffered depending on growth temperature. Attachment of microspheres toC. albicanswas substantially lower at pH 9.0 than at pH 7.0. At higher pH, yeast cell clumps ofH. capsulatumdisaggregated suggesting that hydrophobic interactions may be involved. Elevated pH did not prevent microsphere attachment to several other fungi. A cell wall digest ofC. albicansobtained by lyticase treatment inhibited microsphere attachment to hydrophobic yeast cells ofC. albicansbut was less effective withS. cerevisiae.HydrophilicC. albicansyeast cells exhibited increased cell surface hydrophobicity before morphologic evidence of germination was observed. These results indicate that surface hydrophobicity may be an important feature of the mycelial form of fungi but the hydrophobic components of these fungi may differ.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025549

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe results of this study involving basidiospores ofG. juniperi-virginianaeindicate that freeze-substitution is a valuable technique for TEM studies of fungal spores. Although more spores were damaged in the freeze-substitution protocol than in the chemical fixation protocol, the advantages afforded by the former technique greatly outweighed losses caused by such damage. The quality of fixation provided by freeze-substitution was equal to or better than that provided by chemical fixation for virtually every spore component except lipid droplets. Freeze-substitution also yielded information that was not available from chemically fixed samples. Such information related to Golgi bodies and vesicles, multivesicular bodies, vacuoles and microtubules.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025550

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTTen Ascomycetes, seven Fungi Imperfecti and one Oomycete known to occur on submerged wood were tested for their ability to produce amylase, xylanase, cellulases, lipase, polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, protease, chitinase, and polyphenol oxidases. Species were also tested for their ability to degrade lignosols, with and without wood sugars, and indulin, and to form soft-rot cavities on balsa, green ash, and cottonwood. With the exception ofPythiumsp., species were generalists with respect to hydrolytic enzymes and could degrade a wide range of substrates. All species produced weak or negative reactions on media containing chitin and lignin derivatives. AlthoughNectria haematococca, N. lucidumandHeliscus lugdunensisproduced strong to moderate positive reactions on xylan, carboxymethylcellulose and Walseth cellulose, they did not form soft-rot cavities. All other species exceptPythiumsp. produced typical soft-rot cavities.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025551

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTWhen a salt marsh isolate ofA. pullulanswas grown under all combinations of three different hydrogen ion concentrations, two levels of inoculum density, and three agitation rates, both first- and second-order interactions occurred which affected the percentage of mycelial development as well as mycelial and yeast cell biomass production. Although these interactions indicate that the effect of a single environmental factor on development depends on the level of the other interacting factors, certain trends associated with individual factors were evident. Low agitation favored mycelial development both on a percentage and a dry weight basis while high agitation favored production of yeast cells. High inoculum density tended to promote production of mycelium, whereas a pH of 7.5 inhibited yeast cells.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025552

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTStructural characteristics of ectomycorrhizae formed onLarix laricinaare presented forFuscoboletinus aeruginascens, F. glandulosus, F. ochraceoroseus, F. paluster, F. spectabilis, Suillus cavipes, andS. grevillei.Ectomycorrhizal characterization permits the division of the bolete species studied into two major groups, distinguished by their extramatrical phase, as well as the form, texture, and type of tissue of the fungal components of the ectomycorrhizae. This division, based on the ectomycorrhizal structures, disagrees somewhat with the usual taxonomic classification ofFuscoboletinusandSuillusspp. The study reveals the importance of the extramatrical phase in ectomycorrhizal characterization. Study results confirm that some ectomycorrhizal fungi can be clearly identified by means of ectomycorrhizal structures.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025553

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025554

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025555

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025556

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025557

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025558

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor