摘要:

SUMMARYDetails of the mitotic process in the fungi differ to varying extents from those found in higher plants and animals. Examples of the more interesting deviations found in some fungi include the segregation of kinetochores into two groups during prophase, the absence of detectable chromatin condensation at any stage in the nuclear cycle, the absence of a metaphase plate, the formation of a discrete central bundle of non-kinetochore microtubules and a probable role for cytoplasmic microtubules in generating anaphase-telophase nuclear elongation. These variations are discussed in terms of the contributions they make to our understanding of how mitosis works. The above variations are only a part of a rich diversity of mitotic characteristics found among the fungi. This diversity is examined for its potential to explain both the mode of evolution of mitosis and the interrelationships of the fungi and their traditional allies. A preliminary attempt to use numerical-taxonomy techniques to achieve the latter objective is described.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021177

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYMycelia ofAthelia epiphylla, A. decipiens, A. neuhoffii, A. borealis, A. bombycina, andA. bicolorgrowing in vitro were analyzed for fatty-acid composition by GLC and TLC methods. The major fatty acid in each fungus was a diunsaturated 18-carbon acid with lesser amounts of 16: 0, 18: 0, and 18: 1. An unidentified 18: 2 was detected inA. bicolor.The fungi could be identified by their fatty-acid patterns.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021178

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA filtration technique which permits one to detect visually tuberculate macroconidia in soil substrates in less than 2 h is described. Studies of guano-enriched soils indicate the method can be used in the preliminary screening of soil samples for the presence or absence ofHistoplasma capsulatum, the visual evidence correlating well with positive and negative isolations of the fungus from tissues of soil-inoculated mice. Spores concentrated by filtration can also be used for isolating the fungus through mice. The isolation ofH. capsulatumfrom a gull nesting site, after first identifying spores visually, is reported.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021179

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYInClaviceps phalaridis, a species that almost certainly belongs in the Balansiae, croziers give rise to asci by the method typical of higher Ascomycetes. The haploid chromosome number is tentatively considered to be five or six. The ascospores are filiform and uninucleate when first formed. Three nuclear divisions occur within the ascospores, and each mature ascospore consists of eight uninucleate cells. Each cell of an ascospore may give rise to a single, septate conidium borne on a short, septate conidiophore while the ascospores are still within the ascus. Production of conidia by this method is not known in other fungi.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021180

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYExamination of a variety of species of molds and yeasts, including those of the genusPichia, has revealed significant production of the hydrolytic enzymeα-galactosidase inPichia guilliermondii.Release of the enzyme in this ascosporogenous yeast was strongly affected by certain substrates such as melibiose and lactose, and soybean products, including casitone, soytone, and soybean-oil meal. Maximalα-galactosidase was detected in media containing lactose and the soytone product atpH 7. Enzyme production was stimulated by addition of metal salts to the culture broth.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021181

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYCatenaria allomycisoccurs as an endobiotic parasite ofAllomyces arbusculo.Light and electron-microscopic observations on the establishment of the parasite are described. The encysted zoospore produces a germ tube which attaches to theAllomyceshypha by an appressorium. An infection tube arises from the appressorium and penetrates the host wall. A double-layered papilla is produced by the host in response to invasion by the parasite. The plasma membrane and the papilla are ruptured by continued growth of the infection tube resulting in direct contact of theCatenariawith the host cytoplasm. The thallus released from the cyst into the cytoplasm is surrounded by a wall throughout development. It undergoes rapid growth with a corresponding deterioration of the host cytoplasm. Sporangium development culminates in the formation of discharge tubes which penetrate the host wall and the release of the posteriorly uniflagellate zoospores shortly thereafter.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021182

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe type specimen ofMyxomycidium pendulumbelongs inMucronella, but the residue ofMyxomycidiumis namedGloeomucro. Physalacria concinnais described from the Appalachian Mountains and its fruitbody ontogeny is traced.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021183

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYJoint culture of two incompatible plasmodia end in the loss of one phenotype. The survivor can be predicted by comparing the cytotoxic potential of the two phenotypes because the survivor should have a greater total toxicity potential. Also, the reliability of the predictions should increase with increasingly higher differences in toxicity potential. The elimination of one (or more) plasmodial-incompatibility phenotypes from culture is viewed as one more manifestation of a self-nonself recognition system.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021184

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe effect of sodium chloride on the cellulolytic ability of 16 species ofAspergillusisolated from salt-affected areas of Punjab, Pakistan was studied. Sodium chloride had, in general, an inhibitory effect on cellulolytic ability. However,A. ochraceusshowed a marked increase in cellulolytic ability andA. oryzae, A. nidulansandA. sydowishowed a slight increase in cellulolytic ability at lower concentrations of NaCl.Aspergillus terreuswas the most salt tolerant, showing the maximum cellulolytic ability at levels of NaCl tested. However,A. luchuensiswas the most efficient cellulose decomposer in the absence of NaCl.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021185

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYNutritional studies withPycnoporus cinnabarinuswere performed utilizing 26 different media containing various carbohydrate sources. Growth was measured by dry weight. A statistically significant increase in growth was demonstrated for six media. The best growth was obtained in starch-yeast-extract medium. Mycelia from selected media were analyzed for protein composition by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Analysis of total mycelial protein patterns demonstrated differences depending on the medium being utilized by the organism.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021186

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor