ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025693

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTAgitated liquid cultures of basidiomycetes typically produce populations of variably sized, undifferentiated mycelial pellets. We have discovered that cultural or contaminant stress may induce such liquid cultures to form sclerotia in the mycelial pellets. Formation of the multicellular sclerotia was associated with developmentally regulated synthesis of two different types of phenoloxidases, both present in more than one isozymic form. These phenoloxidases are electrophoretically distinct from the phenoloxidases previously reported to be involved in the initial events in the photomorphogenesis of primordia. The“sclerotial”phenoloxidases may be involved in the regulation of three-dimensional multicellular initiation.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025694

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTNeovossia horridateliospores were studied by the use of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and freeze-fracture replicas. Surfaces of these spores are covered with rodlet-like structures which differ from those reported previously in other smut fungi, such asTilletia indica.The rodlet-like structures are individually distinct and are not grouped into fascicles. They ranged between 14.3 and 22.5 nm in width and averaged 18.1 nm. In length they ranged from about 80 to 110 nm and averaged 97.2 nm. Dormant teliospores have thick spore walls composed of four distinct layers. The partition layer is composed of lamellar wavy surfaces. The periodicity of the pattern on these surfaces ranged from 13.3 to 14.2 nm with an average of about 13.8 nm. The plasma membrane contained invaginations and numerous particles which are characteristic of other grass smut fungi. The cytoplasm also contained inclusion vacuoles and unidentified organelles.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025695

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTAerial hyphae ofAgaricus bisporusgrown in agar culture, or on natural substrates like rye grain, produce abundant calcium oxalate crystals associated with the hyphal wall. These deposits, when first formed, consist of acicular crystals that cover the surface of the hyphae, giving the elements of the aerial mycelium a bottle-brush appearance. SEM examination of the crystal-bearing hyphae reveals that the crystals are arranged more or less tangentially on the hyphal surface. The crystals appear to originate within the wall of the hyphae, and as they increase in length their distal ends protrude through the hyphal wall. While the crystalline deposits of hyphae grown on malt-extract agar or on rye grain are typically elongate crystals, calcium oxalate deposits of hyphae grown on enriched media consist of both elongate forms and large, plate-like crystals. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs, energy-dispersive x-ray elemental analysis, and x-ray powder diffraction analysis of these crystals are presented.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025696

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTTrabutiapossesses unitunicate asci and must be removed from the Loculoascomycetes. The characteristics of biotrophic habit, centrum of thin-walled asci at maturity among paraphyses, and pycnidial anamorph dictate its disposition in the Phyllachoraceae of the Phyllachorales.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025697

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTAllochytridium luteumis a cellulolytic, monocentric chytrid. The incipient sporangium enlarges from the germ tube, and the sporangium has a single rhizoidal axis and single papilla or discharge tube mounted by a small operculum. The lipid globule in the zoospore is golden and the culture vivid yellow. Good sources of carbon in culture media are glucose, sucrose, lactose, cellobiose, galactose, starch, cellophane and xylan. Under certain conditions it can also utilize fructose and xylose. Good sources of nitrogen include tryptone, peptonized milk, urea, ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate. Zoospores are very like those ofA. expandensexcept that the rumposome is two-and three-tiered.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025698

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThecotheus africanus, sp. nov.is described and illustrated from elephant dung collected in Kenya and Tanzania.Ascophanopsisis considered synonymous withThecotheusandThecotheus perplexans, comb. nov. (=Ascophanopsis perplexansFaurel et Schotter) is proposed. A comprehensive key to all known species ofThecotheusis presented.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025699

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe average number of basidiospores produced upon the basidium of the nominally tetrasporicAgaricus subrufescenscan vary considerably. In the laboratory a decline in average spore number can be induced by refrigerating the sporocarps for several hours. Spore number also fluctuates in naturally occurring material, in a manner which correlates with diurnal temperature fluctuations. Observations on several other species ofAgaricussuggest that this phenomenon is widespread in the genus. These findings raise questions about the life cycle of these organisms, and suggest an explanation for the origin of bisporic, secondarily homothallic species such asA. bisporus.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025700

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe cell surface chemistry ofPhysarum polycephalummyxamoeba strains RSD4 and MA 185, both capable of axenic growth, was studied. Myxamoebae were either washed with a low molarity phosphate/salt buffer or were left unwashed. The freeze-fractured, deep-etched cell surface of RSD4 cells was normally smooth, but after washing in buffer it was fibrous and rough. Similarly treated cells of strain MA 185 were smooth under both circumstances. Several lectins were tested for their ability to bind to the cell surfaces of both strains. While concanavalin A bound only to washed cells of RSD4, it labeled both washed and unwashed cells of MA 185. Wheat germ agglutinin bound in a patchy pattern to washed cells of both strains. A rosette test determined the ability of washed and unwashed myxamoebae of both strains to bind erythrocytes. Sheep red blood cells bound to the surface of unwashed cells of strain MA 185. Analysis of the material washed from the surface of strain RSD4 cells with the phosphate/salt buffer indicated both protein and carbohydrate components. Between 16 and 20 polypeptides, indicated by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were found in ethanol and ammonium sulfate precipitates of the cell surface material, in addition to four concanavalin A binding glycoproteins.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025701

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTWater from the upper San Marcos River in South Central Texas was sampled for amphibious hyphomycetes monthly for one year. The headwaters were chosen because temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity remain constant. Analysis of filtered water, foam, and decaying leaves revealed 13 species. Populations of these organisms vary seasonally; the greatest spore density coincides with periods of greatest leaf abscission.Lunulospora, Tetracladium, Triscelophorus, and aClavatospora-like species are most abundant. Taxa present are restricted to those species able to sporulate at 22 C, and seasonal fluctuations of these fungi are more dependent on substrate availability than on the physical conditions of the river. Direct observation indicates thatLunulospora curvulaandTetracladium marchalianumare ubiquitous on leaf substrates.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025702

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor