ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020310

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYParasitism ofCorticium rolfsiiby a species ofAspergilluswas investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Within a few da afterA. terreusinfected sclerotia ofC. rolfsii, conidiophores bearing numerous conidia ofA. terreuscovered the entire surfaces of the sclerotia. Most conidiophores arose from below the surface of sclerotia, while a few of them originated from the innermost layers of cortical tissue. Microdissection revealed that sclerotial surfaces in contact withA. terreusconidiophores were flat.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020311

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe Harpellales, Asellariales (Trichomycetes) and Kickxellaceae (Zygomycetes) share several characters which separate them from the other trichomycete orders, Amoebidiales and Eccrinales, as well as all other members of the Zygomycotina. The relatively complex septal apparatus comprising a crosswall with a central pore occluded by a biumbonate plug, the fundamentally coemansioid form of the asexual reproductive apparatus, similar wall structure, serological affinity and the labyrinthiform organelle (Kickxellaceae) or trichospore appendage(s) (Harpellales) could indicate a close phyletic relationship. A putative phyletic series based essentially upon the morphology of these fungi is proposed and the evidence for their relationship assessed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020312

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYNeedle powders ofPinns leucodermisandSequoia giganteawere extracted with petroleum ether, ethanol, methanol, or distilled water. After evaporating the solvents, extracts, and extracted powder were added to nutrient medium to examine their effect on linear expansion of five aquatic Hyphomycetes. All extracts depressed fungal growth, the inhibition being strongest with the two alcoholic extracts. The FeC13test indicated phenolic compounds in the alcohol and water but not in the petroleum-ether extracts. There was no correlation between the colorimetrically determined phenol content of an extract and its antifungal activity. Untreated needle powder strongly inhibited fungal growth, as did petroleum- ether or water-extracted powder. By contrast, alcohol-extracted powder did not inhibit fungal growth. The inhibitory effect of methanol extract was much more pronounced at apH range of 4.0-4.5 than at 5.5-6.5.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020313

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe soil microfungi of the A horizon of an oak-birch forest on Long Island were isolated by dilution plate from 630 soil samples collected over a period of 40 mo. Because these fungi co-occurred in time and space and showed similarities in their nutritional, reproductive, and survival strategies, they are considered a specific community designated the opportunistic decomposers. Dominance in this community was determined by numerical superiority. A discussion of the factors regulating propagule density in soil and a rationale for using propagule density as the quantitative measure of prominence when large numbers of samples are analyzed is presented.Community composition and structure were based upon analysis of 10,684 isolates from 80 samples collected during the spring, summer, fall, and winter of 1975. This assemblage, reduced to 89 taxa, contained four broad-amplitude species;Penicillium terlikowskii, P. daleae, Trichoderma pseudokoningiiandOidiodendron chlamydosporicum?.These species plusTorulomyces lagena, Acremonium diversisporumandMortierella ramannianaare the characteristic fungi. Seventy-eight percent of the isolates were mycelial Deuteromycetes; the remainder included Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes (6% and 5% of all isolates, respectively) and asporogenous yeasts. Propagules of the opportunistic decomposers were abundant in the A horizon. They remained constant at approximately 340,000 during most of the year but increased to over one million per g dry soil in April. Species diversity was highest in the spring, lowest in the summer, and essentially constant at 16 species per 100 isolates during the other seasons. Stability characterized the community. Particular combinations of species persisted throughout the course of the study resulting in high coefficients of similarity when populations from different years were compared using a modified Sorensen's Index.Seasonal changes in propagule densities for 25 commonly encountered fungi were studied over a 40-mo period. The following patterns were revealed: (1) five species had essentially constant numbers throughout the year; (2) nine increased significantly in the spring; (3) the oidiodendrons showed a winter peak in density; (4) four species, includingBeauveria bassianaandMetarrhizium anisopliae, appeared only in the spring; and (5), five species had apparently random distributions. An attempt was made to correlate some of these patterns with other changes thought to be occurring in the ecosystem a the same time.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020314

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYField observations ofMetiola argentina, parasitic on the large sedgeMachaerina angustifolia, indicate that distribution of this fungus on Oahu is determined primarily by rainfall. The lowest elevation at which the fungus develops coincides closely with the isohyet for 250 cm/yr rainfall. Although the range of the host plant extends well below this, abundant infections occur only in areas where rainfall equals or exceeds this amount. When ascospores ofM. argentinaandM. palmicolawere plated singly on agar media, approximately 4–10% germination was obtained. Growth ceased after emergence of the germ tube. Similar levels of germination were obtained with ascospores incubated in water drops, indicating that exogenous nutrients or contact with the host are not required for germination, but that the parasitic relationship is apparently essential for continued growth of the fungus. The results indicate a low level of germinability in the naturally occurring ascospore population.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020315

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYMost basidiomycetes are characterized by dolipores that at some time form a granule in each opening and by parenthesomes that are either multiperforate (homobasidiomycetes) or imperforate or pauciperforate (jelly fungi). Electron micrographs ofTremella brasiliensisandT. mesentericadikaryons, however, show vesiculate parenthesomes and dolipore septa with banded material in the orifices, similar to the septa of the Filobasidiaceae. Because of this exceptional character and because these taxa also share the unusual condition of unicellularCryptococcuslike monokaryons, they are segregated in a new Suborder Tremellineae. The remainder of the Tremellales are preserved in the additional new taxa Exidiaceae and Exidiineae. Also presented is a taxonomic outline of the fungi treated as a kingdom and based on an expanded hierarchy using superranks.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020316

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA survey of the wood-inhabiting fungi occurring at three stations in the Saugatucket River in Rhode Island revealed a total of 59 species: 15 Ascomycetes, 36 Hyphomycetes, four Zygomycetes, and four Coelomycetes. These fungi were collected on both naturally occurring wood and submerged wood baits, during the period April to December 1974. The number of species collected was similar in spring and fall with a drop in numbers during August. There was a sharp rise in the number of species found in September following a period of heavy rainfall. Small variations were found in the number of species at each station. Discomycetes were more frequent at Station 1, an area of unpolluted water, than at Station 3, the area of highest pollution.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020317

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWhen mildew-inoculated cucumber leaves (Sphaerotheca fuligineaonCucumis sativusvar. Ashley) were immersed in water for 1 sec to 20 h at 0 to 80 h after inoculation, and then returned to standard greenhouse conditions, the mildew covered the leaf sooner, sporulated sooner and produced more conidia than control unwetted leaves. If immersion was for 20 to 50 h duration, there was usually no consistent increase or decrease in mildew development. Immersions of 50–70 h were usually inhibitory to the mildew, but not injurious to the host. Immersions of more than 70 h were usually lethal to the mildew, and immersions of more than 100 h were injurious to the leaves. Spraying inoculated leaves with water at low impact pressure also increased mildew, but at high impact pressure it prevented infection or cured infected plants. Powdery mildews of bean, barley, dock and zinnia were similarly tolerant of water, but were not clearly stimulated by water.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020318

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYIn the present account the following fungi are discussed or described:Collybia confluenswith amyloid spores when young;C. pinastris, a transfer fromMarasmius; Oudemansiella longipesvar.americanavar. nov.;Tricholoma aurantiumvar.olivascensvar. nov.;Calocybe onychina; Mycena haematopusvar.cuspidatavar. nov.;M. elegantulavar.inflatavar. nov.;M. argillascenssp. nov.,Armillaria albolanaripes, an albino variant;Catathelasma singerisp. nov.;Pleurotus cornucopiae; Coprinus atramentarius; Psathyrella aspenensissp. nov.;P. sublateritiavar.intermediavar. nov.;Stropharia kauffmanii; and S.subsquamulosasp. nov.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020319

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor