ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025720

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025721

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTPseudocercospora feijoaeis described as a new species from leaf spots onFeijoa sellowianain Florida. Typical symptoms of the disease appeared on fully expanded leaves 4 to 6 weeks after inoculation of 1-year-old seedlings with conidia ofP. feijoeae.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025722

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe significance of hydrocarbonoclastic filamentous fungi in marine environments is unclear, only poorly adapted terrigenous species having been investigated. This report examines 54 strains indigenous to submerged wood, saltmarsh vegetation and sandy beaches. Beach-adaptedCorollospora, Dendryphiella, LulworthiaandVaricosporinaspecies grew using alkanes and alkenes as sole carbon sources and mineralized n[1-14C]hexadecane. This ability was unrelated to oil pollution at fungal collection sites. Few fungi from other habitats utilized hydrocarbons. The beach fungi have been well positioned for selection of hydrocarbon utilization, interfacing with natural marine hydrocarbons in lipophilic surface films and sea foam, long before anthropogenic petroleum compounds polluted their environment.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025723

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study investigates increases in cellular calcium concentration during sexual reproduction of the heterothallic water mold,Achlya ambisexualis.Cellular localization of free calcium was monitored with the fluorescent calcium-binding antibiotic, chlorotetracycline (CTC). Other than the generalized fluorescence in the hyphal apex associated with vegetative growth, CTC-Ca fluorescence was first observed in the male strain during antheridial branch production. It became restricted to antheridia after septal delimitation and persisted until fertilization. Bright CTC-Ca fluorescence was not observed in the female strain until after antheridial contact with the oogonial initial and septal delimitation of the oogonium. The fluorescence continued through subsequent stages of development, including post-fertilized oospores. This study demonstrates that an increase in Ca+2concentration in the male strain is associated with antheridial branch formation, vectorial growth toward the oogonial initial and fertilization. In the female strain, development of the oogonial cytoplasm after septal delimitation, oosphere formation, and oospore maturation correlate with calcium increase. These results target key events in sexual reproduction for which the precise cause and effect relationship between changes in calcium concentration and morphogenesis can be investigated.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025724

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTElevenFusariumspecies were isolated from 22 of 37 soil samples collected from 37 sites in Norway from grassy areas; 33 samples were near the Arctic Circle (61–68°N).Fusarium oxysporumwas abundant at 17 sites;F. merismoidesat six sites;F. moniliformeat five sites; andF. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. proliferatum, F. sambucinum, F. semitectum, andF. solaniwere identified at 1–4 sites.Fusarium merismoideswas found only in the most northern latitudes (65°50′-68°18′N). Three of the four isolates ofF. moniliformeand 36 of 37 isolates ofF. oxysporumtested for toxigenicity caused weight losses, hematuria and hemorrhage of tissues, and death of rats when rats were fed a rice medium in whichFusariumspecies were cultured.Fusarium merismoideswas not lethal but caused substantial weight losses to rats in the 5-day test period.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025725

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTInteractions among five species ofTrichodermawere investigated in the laboratory in order to determine whether temperature affected the ability of species to survive on spruce litter in the face of competition from other Trichodermas. Ability of these species to inhibit the growth of competitors was also tested under a range of temperature regimes. Data showed that, in general,T. hamatum, T. koningiiand isolate LP58 were more aggressive and less subject to displacement than wereT. virideandT. polysporum.All species tested were antagonistic towards each other and towardsBotrytis cinerea, but no marked effects of temperature were observed on antagonistic activity. Displacement experiments, however, showed thatT. virideandT. polysporumsurvived better at lower temperatures.These data are discussed in relation to ecological strategies ofTrichodermaspecies. It is suggested thatTrichodermaspecies, though exhibiting some ruderal properties, should more properly be considered as exhibiting a competitive strategy. Within the genus, it is also suggested thatT. polysporumandT. virideare showing stress-tolerant characteristics.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025726

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTVariations in sporulation patterns were characterized in a single-spore isolate ofPachnocybe ferrugineagrown in aerated and non-aerated broth, on agar plates and in aerated water. Conidial production occurred in all cultures except agar. The greatest amount of conidial production was in aerated water while the least was observed in non-aerated broth. Secondary or repeating conidia were produced in aerated water and aerated broth cultures. Basidial production varied in occurrence in different culture conditions; however, basidiocarp organization occurred only on agar plates. Basidia from agar cultures consistently produced 5–7 spores while in aerated broth basidia produced only 2–4 spores. Sporulation patterns ofPachnocybe ferrugineawere compared to results of other culturing experiments involving organisms from both terrestrial and aquatic environments and the evolutionary and phylogenetic significance of gasteroid adaptations to wet environments is discussed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025727

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a successful new method to cultivate or transplant lichens. Cuttings of two epiphytic lichens,Lobaria oreganaandL. pulmonaria, were strung on nylon monofilament and grown outdoors. In three years the air-dry weights ofL. oreganacuttings increased 43–67% and those ofL. pulmonariacuttings increased 17–36%. Lichens stored dry for longer than 90 days were dead.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025728

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTFusariumspecies in sectionsRoseum, Arthrosporiella, Gibbosum, andDiscolorwere common in grassland, pasture, and pine nursery soils of eastern Australia. The grasslands consisted of grazing lands,i.e., communities of native plants that were grazed or browsed, and pastures,i.e., communities consisting predominantly of introduced species whether sown or volunteer. In this study, eastern Australia was divided into three zones showing climatic changes from north to south. The northern zone represented a tropical area, the middle zone represented a tropical to subtropical area and the southern zone represented a temperate area.Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. compactum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. graminum, F. heterosporum, F. longipes, F. reticulatum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F. semitectumand an unidentified population were recovered.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025729

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor