ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021286

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFungal isolates from collections of cattle dung representing different stages in decomposition were examined for their ability biologically to modify the lignin and cellulose components of unamended native wheat straw (WS). Growth rate of fungal isolates on dung-extract agar was not correlated with their ability to affect biomass loss of WS. Later-sporulating colonists promoted greater biomass losses (total dry weight and cellulose). A late-appearing unidentified basidiomycete was most effective in degrading lignin and rendering the cellulosic components of natural lignocelluloses more susceptible to hydrolysis by cellulase. Fungal degradation of differentially14C-labeled natural lignocelluloses (LC) added to ground and pelletized WS was followed by monitoring14CO2evolution during a 48-da incubation. Three late-appearing species on dung were more efficient in producing14CO2from specifically cellulose-labeled lignocelluloses (LC*) than were three earlier-appearing species. The percentage of14CO2evolved from lignin-labeled lignocelluloses (L*C) was sixfold greater with the late-appearing basidiomycete than with any of the five ascomycetes. Present findings help to explain patterns of fungal development in cattle feces and the importance of lignin-degrading,“white rotting”basidiomycetes in feces decomposition.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021287

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe effect of aqueous extracts and oil of neem (Azadirachta indica) on four soil-borne pathogens,Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.ciceri, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, andSclerotinia sclerotiorum, which incite wilt and rot in gram (Cicer arietinum) was studied. Growth of the four pathogens in liquid medium was inhibited by extracts of leaf, trunk bark, fruit pulp, and oil. Of these four extracts, neem oil showed maximum inhibitory effect. The germination of gram seeds was inhibited at higher concentrations of oil. Oil-treated seeds sown in soil infested with the pathogens singly and intermixed produced disease-free seedlings whereas all the seedlings from untreated seeds exhibited disease symptoms. The fruit pulp suppressed formation of Sclerotium ofR. solaniat all the concentrations. A possible role of neem extracts and oil in controlling gram diseases in field conditions is suggested.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021288

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA chronic, progressive osteolytic infection in the foot of a young man yielded an isolate ofDrechslern rostrata.Septate, dematiaceous mycelium was abundantly present in tissue obtained for histological study. Following several courses of treatment with amphotericin B and surgical intervention, the infection cleared and the patient has remained asymptomatic ever since.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021289

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYOospore distribution patterns in pairings between compatible isolates ofPhytophthora capsicisuggested mutual induction of oospore formation. Oogonia and oospores formed near the A2colony were smaller than those developing near the A1colony, suggesting that the smaller bodies were A2products and the larger bodies were formed by A1. This interpretation was confirmed in pairings physically separated by polycarbonate membranes. Significantly more oospores were produced in synthetic medium containing Difco Bacto agar as compared to Difco Noble agar, Difco purified agar or SeaKem agarose.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021290

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYIn the Pan 4 isolate ofDidymium iridis, a heterothallic line was spontaneously derived from an apomictic one. Genetical and cytological evidence shows that in the heterothallic state amoebal clones are self-sterile and cross-fertile, whereas in the apomictic condition each clone produces plasmodia without benefit of crossing.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021291

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021292

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYPythium okanoganensediffers from other members of the genus in having terminal oblate-spheroidal sporangia that infrequently proliferate internally to produce another sporangium within the old sporangial wall. Oogonia are smooth, except commonly a single, terminal hyphal protrusion extends from the oogonial wall. Antheridia are mostly single, frequently borne on inflated antheridial stalks, and monoclinous or less often diclinous. Oospores are aplerotic to nearly plerotic.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021293

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA comparative study of the amylolytic activity of four strains ofPolyporus ostreiformisled to the selection of a good amylase-producing strain. Physiological studies were carried out and under optimal fermentation conditions it produced amylase which yielded residual sugar in an average of 3.0 mg/ml by hydrolysis of starch. Several readily utilizable carbohydrates such as glucose and lactose exerted catabolic repression, inhibiting amylase induction by starch or maltose. Enzyme synthesis was maximum in logarithmic growth phase of the fungus.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021294

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA new spot test has been found useful in the detection of amatoxins and tryptamines in both fresh and dried mushrooms. The speed of the test makes it possible to test many individual carpophores of the same species for toxin content. This has been done forAmanita phalloidesandA. virosa.Seventeen other species ofAmanitawere also examined and the results confirmed by thin-layer chromatography.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021295

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor