摘要:

ABSTRACTIdentification of the mycotoxins produced by different species ofFusariumcan serve to verify their classification or to relate the variation of toxigenic potential within a species. Strains ofFusarium graminearum(55),Fusarium crookwellense(16), andFusarium culmorum(3) were grown in three liquid media and on rice. The toxins produced in the various media were assessed by analyzing the metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. These data are used to propose a number of chemotypes. The metabolic profiles ofFusarium graminearumwere similar, having chemotype I (deoxynivalenol) in common. In Chinese strains, chemotype IA (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl) predominated while the Mexican strains, as with other North American strains, were chemotype IB (deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl). TheFusarium culmorumstrains tested had a chemotype similar to that of chemotype IA ofFusarium graminearum.TheFusarium crookwellensestrains, which were collected from eight countries, had a chemotype II (nivalenol, diacetyl) in common, regardless of their source. A similar chemotype II has been reported forFusarium graminearumstrains but it is rare. TheFusarium crookwellensestrains also showed the presence of chemotype IA (isotrichodermin, 8-hydroxy) and chemotype IB (isotrichodermin, 7-hydroxy).

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025988

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTSibling species have been demonstrated inPeniophora cinerea, Phlebia lilascens, P. livida, andP. subochraceaby the use of incompatibility tests. Here, cultural characters, nuclear behavior, and isoelectric focusing of buffer-soluble mycelial proteins have been used to find differences not seen in fruitbody morphology. The methods used are evaluated and the relationships among the siblings are discussed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025989

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTSpawnMate II supplemented at spawning increased the yield of mushrooms, while safflower oil supplemented at casing reduced mushroom yield. Nutrient supplementation did not affect solids, lipid, 1-octen-3-ol content, or fatty acid composition of mushrooms. Supplementation at casing resulted in better color for the first two flushes of the crop cycle. The 1-octen-3-ol content of mushrooms decreased during postharvest storage. Use of nutrient supplementation also affected color and maturity of mushrooms during storage.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025990

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Gilbertellaceae Benny (Mucorales) is proposed for a single genus,Gilbertella, characterized by producing sporangia with a persistent wall dehiscing via a longitudinal suture, sporangiospores with apical, hyaline appendages, andMucor-typezygospores. The relationship of Gilbertellaceae to Choanephoraceae and other families of the Mucorales, and Zygomycetes, is discussed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025991

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTDead red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple trees (Acer rubrum) that had been girdled were inoculated with one virulent and six hypovirulent strains ofCryphonectria parasitica.Bark samples were removed from specific points on the trees and fungi from them were subsequently cultured to determine the potential for survival and growth of theC. parasiticastrains. All seven strains survived up to ten months after inoculation on red oak. Virulent strain 5–9-1B was recovered from oak bark plugs with a higher frequency than any of the hypovirulent strains but produced low numbers of stromata. Hypovirulent strains that produced the highest rates of stromata on dead red oaks were more frequently reisolated. Survival of all seven strains on red maple stems was very poor. Seven months after stem inoculations, approximately 0.5% of the bark plug samples yielded reisolations ofC. parasitica.Only strain Ep 88 produced a few stromata during one sampling date on two red maple trees.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025992

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTSecondary zoospores of many Oomycetes contain kinetosome-associated organelles (K2-bodies), single-membrane bounded organelles with distinctive matrices composed of multiple zones. Because ontogeny of K2-bodies can provide insights into their functions and their validity as a character in systematic analyses, stages in formation were reconstructed ultrastructurally in synchronously developingSaprolegnia ferax.Within five minutes after induction of primary zoospores to encyst, precursor K2-body vesicles with coated surfaces formed from smooth-surfaced, fenestrated cisternae near the centrally located kinetosomes. A precursor K2-body vesicle contained three morphologically distinct components: a loosely fibrillar matrix (A1), an electron-dense globule (A2), and plate-like fragments (A3). Later, uncoated precursor K2-body vesicles were found in the peripheral cytoplasm of primary cysts where they apparently fused with each other and enlarged into nascent K2-bodies. Zones composing the matrix of nascent K2-bodies resulted from concentration and morphological rearrangement of material contributed by precursor K2-vesicles. As the structure of the matrix changed, coated patches were scattered on the cytoplasmic surface of the nascent K2-body. Successively, two additional morphologically distinct areas appeared within the matrix and were apparently derived from transformation of material in the A1 area. Tubules filled a hemispherical cavity (A4) at one side of the organelle, and coarsely fibrillar material (A5) occupied the central region. Sometimes a fibrous, crystal-like structure with a regular periodicity was also in this central region. Finally, K2-bodies were again found at the center of the cell near the kinetosomes, nucleus and microtubular rootlets, an association which is maintained in motile secondary zoospores. Microtubules were located along the path where precursor K2-body vesicles migrated to the cell's cytoplasmic periphery and nascent K2-bodies returned to the cell's center. Thus, K2-bodies are assembled by the fusion of endomembrane-derived vesicles, rather than being fully formed while still continuous with cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025993

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTA pathogenic species of marine slime mold,Labyrinthula, has been identified as the etiological agent of the present recurrence of wasting disease of eelgrass,Zostera marina.It is also implicated as causing the previous epidemic eelgrass wasting disease that occurred in the 1930s. We proposeLabyrinthula zosterae sp. nov.for this pathogen based on its host specificity, cytology, characteristic growth patterns in culture, cell size, color in mass, and aggregation structures.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025994

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTPhomopsis javanica, a new species onAsparagusfrom Java, is described and illustrated. It differs fromP. asparagiby producing paraphyses among the conidiophores and conidiogenous cells, and is the firstPhomopsisdescribed with these structures.Phomopsis javanicawas more virulent thanP. asparagiwhen inoculated on asparagus foliage and stems.Phomopsis asparagicolais considered a synonym ofP. asparagi. P. asparagiandP. javanicaare compared in a series of photographs.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025995

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTCryptodiaporthe corniwas collected on pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) in the northern and eastern United States during investigations on dogwood anthracnose. The anamorph was produced abundantly in cultures derived from single ascospores and conidia.Myxosporium nitidumis the earliest name for this anamorph, also known asZythia aurantiaca.A distinctive bright orange pigment produced in pure culture on several media was similar to the color observed on dogwood twigs containing ascomata and conidiomata. This study includes the first description of the fungus in pure culture and a redescription of the teleomorph and anamorph. Results indicate thatCryptodiaporthe corniis restricted toCornus alternifolia, occurring throughout the range of the host. In addition, characteristics of the fungal growth in culture, the conidiomata and the conidia differ significantly from the dogwood anthracnose fungus.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025996

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTGB 1, a new heterothallicDidymium iridisisolate from England, produces plasmodia when mated to some of the Central American series interbreeding mating types, most of the reproductively isolated Pan 4c clones, and all of the Appalachia series interbreeding mating types. While the hybrids with the Central America and Pan 4c clones usually produced many inviable spores with skewed mating-type segregation ratios, the Appalachian hybrids generally displayed good viability and normal ratios. Although mostD. iridisheterothallic isolates have mating-type alleles which are compatible with only a single geographically restricted mating series, the GB 1 isolate is partially compatible with 3 separate series. An additional heterothallic isolate from Florida represents another mating-type series reproductively isolated from previously described series and from GB 1.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025997

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor