摘要:

SUMMARYThe cause of pitch canker of southern pines isFusarium moniliformevar.subglutinansrather thanF. lateritiumf. sp.pini.Isolates ofFusariumfrom pine trees with symptoms of pitch canker are characterized by abundant production of microconidia on simple phialides and polyphialides which develop in complex, sympodially branching conidiophores. These isolates are pathogenic to slash and loblolly pine seedlings. Optimum temperature for growth in culture is 24 C. Five isolates ofF. moniliformevar.subglutinansfrom pine paired with single ascospore isolates ofGibberella fujikuroivar.subglutinansfrom India formed fertile perithecia. Eight otherFusariumspecies,F. lateritium (G. boccata), F. moniliforme, F. solani (Nectria haematococca), F. tricinctum, F. equiseti, F. semitectum, F. oxysporum, andF. graminearum (G. seae), were also recovered from pine, but these were nonpathogenic or very weakly pathogenic to pine.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020330

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYUromyces pentastriatus, U. ratus, U. poliotelis, U. novissimus, U. anguriae, andU. corallocarpiare redescribed. Host plants in the Cucurbitaceae and new-world distributions are given for each species.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020331

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYComparative studies of peat microfungi were carried out in three contrasting habitats occupied by characteristic higher plant communities in the Florida Everglades. The soil-plate and soil-washing methods were used to isolate the fungi. The peat mycofloras of each habitat were examined at several widely spaced sites and the results showed that there was a marked intrahabitat similarity in this respect. However, considerable differences were found when the three types of habitat were compared. Th most extensive and varied fungal populations were found in the freshwaterCladium-dominated habitats, in which the peat was also most decomposed. By contrast peats in the brackish and saline habitats, colonized byJuncusandRhizophorarespectively, were characterized by limited populations of microfungi. Even fewer fungi were actually growing in these marine peats, as judged by the limited number of isolations from washed peat fragments.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020332

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBased on their immunological and biochemical properties, physiological relationships among the three available species ofPhymatotrichum, P. fimicola, P. fungicolaandP. omnivorumwere investigated. Pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatographic (PGLC) analyses of freeze-dried organisms showed very little or no difference between the“fingerprints”ofP. fimicolaandP. fungicola.However, a distinct“fingerprint”was observed fromP. omnivorum.The fatty-acid profile ofP. omnivorumwas also distinct, as in PGLC, from the other two species. Serological studies revealed that antisera toP. fimicolaandP. fungicolagave positive reactions to all three antigens but antisera toP. omnivorumgave positive reaction only withP. omnivorumantigen. This study confirms thatP. omnivorumis different both physiologically and immunologically from the other two species in addition to the differences in their morphological characters. On the other hand,P. fimicolaandP. fungicolawere found to be related both immunologically and physiologically although they differ in morphological characters.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020333

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYCellular slime molds were isolated from 75% of soil samples from 50 prairie remnants in southern Wisconsin. Total populations (cells per g of soil) were greatest in wet sites, intermediate in wet-mesic and mesic sites, and least in dry-mesic sites. Populations were slightly higher in dry than in dry-mesic sites, possibly because soils in dry sites had higher water-retaining capacities than soils in dry-mesic sites. Dominant species includedPolysphondylium violaceumin wet prairies,Dictyostelium giganteumandP. violaceumin mesic prairies, andP. pallidumandD. sphaerocephalumin dry prairies.Dictyosteliumsp. (YS) andP. pallidumboth had greater populations at the two extremes of the moisture gradient than in mesic sites. Other species isolated includedD. discoideum, D. lacteum, D. mucoroides, D. polycephalum, D. purpureumandD. rosarium.Average species diversity ranged from 3.2 species per site in dry-mesic prairies to 4.6 per site in wet-mesic prairies.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020334

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYCyathus stercoreuswas grown in the laboratory and basidiocarps produced in culture were prepared for study with the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The peridium consisted of three morphologically distinct layers. The funiculus consisted of three regions. The hyphae in these regions, the funicular cord and hapteron showed a special modification in the clamp connections. The peridioles had a wall consisting of three layers. The spores were surrounded by special nurse hyphae.Cyathus stercoreusstructure is far more complex than light microscopy has revealed in the past. Ultrastructural study shows the nature of some previously described structures to be in error.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020335

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYMorphological and cytochemical examination of the ascal wall ofTrichobolus zukaliiand its associated mechanism of dehiscence was made. Layering of the ascal wall was enhanced by the stains, Congo red and toluidine blue for light microscopy and by silver methenamine for electron microscopy. At spore liberation a wide operculum is infrequently formed. Ascal dehiscence occurs typically by an irregular rupture of the wall at the apex. The mature ascal wall does not appear to have a distinct apical apparatus. The wall is thinnest at the apex and consists of two layers. Each layer becomes conspicuously stratified toward the base of the ascus. The external region of the outer layer is longitudinally ribbed at the tip.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020336

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYNigeran, a hot-water-extractable glucan found in the hyphal walls of certainAspergillusandPenicilliumspecies has been utilized as a biochemical marker to study their phylogenetic relationships. The presence or absence of nigeran in members of certain previously assigned taxonomic groups suggests that some of these taxa may not be natural. The amount of nigeran deposited in the walls of competent species can vary over a 100-fold range under the experimental conditions employed. Of all species examined which contain nigeran, onlyPenicillium meliniiis capable of degrading its endogenous polysaccharide.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020337

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe nuclear condition of mycelium, fruiting body cells, conidiogenous cells and conidia was determined forTubakia dryina.All cells in the fruiting body were uninucleate, but the conidia were binucleate. The type of conidium ontogeny was found to be proliferating phialidic.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020338

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFixation of atmospheric dinitrogen by bacteria associated with contextual tissues of sporophores ofFomitopsis pinicola, Fomes fomentarius, andEchinodontium tinctoriumis reported. Since nitrification rates are low, the data indirectly support the view that an autolysis-recycling mechanism of nitrogen from large volumes of woody tissue is the principal means by which wood-destroying fungi obtain nitrogen for sporophore production and sporulation.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020339

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor