摘要:

ABSTRACTIn 1984 and 1985, a fungus was observed parasitizing larvae ofAedes kochicollected from leaf axils ofColocasiasp. in a rainforest in Queensland, Australia. In axenic culture, the fungus produces singlecelled, cylindrical and cuneiform conidia which are borne in slime from subulate phialides. Based on its development of conidia of two types, its parasitism of mosquito larvae, and its underwater conidiation, the fungus is described as the new species,Culicinomyces bisporalis.The fungus is compared with similar fungi belonging to several genera.Tolypocladium parasiticumBarron, the only species ofTolypocladiumknown to produce conidia underwater, is also shown to produce conidia of two types, and is redisposed asCulicinomyces parasiticusSigler,comb. nov. Tolypocladiumis maintained as a genus distinct fromBeauveria.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025415

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe number and distribution of nuclei in basidiospores, hyphae of germinating basidiospores, homokaryons (single-basidiospore isolates), heterokaryons (isolates from the context of basidiocarps), and basidiocarp tissues were examined microscopically. Three nuclear stains were used: Giemsa, hematoxylin, and DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). The nuclear behavior of the three fungal species was similar. Basidiospores were produced with one nucleus but often became binucleate prior to germination. One nucleus usually remained in the basidiospore after germination and germ tube elongation. Both homokaryons and heterokaryons had a variable number of unpaired nuclei, often spaced equidistantly between undamped septa. The dikaryophase was delayed until basidiocarp formation; paired nuclei were found in young basidia and subhymcnial mycelia. Basidia with one, two, or four nuclei were observed prior to spore formation. Four uninucleate basidiospores formed on each basidium. Homokaryotic and heterokaryotic isolates could not be distinguished by nuclear condition or colony morphology, although heterokaryons grew significantly (P = 0.05) faster.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025416

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTA mutant ofAlternaria tageticawith altered regulation of sporulation was obtained. Wildtype strains require light to sporulate whereas the mutant sporulated in the absence of light. Sporulation of the mutant was unaffected by culture plate scaling which inhibited the wildtype 99–100%. Absorption of CO2from the atmosphere within the plates via KOH counteracted wildtype inhibition by plate sealing and induced light-independent sporulation in wildtype strains ofA. tagetica, as well as inA. carthami, A. macrospora, A. porri, andA. cucumerina, species which typically require light for sporulation. Continuous fluorescent light inhibited sporulation for all wildtypeAlternariaspecies tested at both 28 C and 20 C, but sporulation was induced under the same light regime when fungi were grown 3 days at 28 C followed by 3 days at 20 C. The identical temperature drop induced sporulation in the dark inA. tagetica, A. cucumerina, A. macrospora, andA. carthami.Both mutant and wildtype strains ofA. tageticaproduced 7–8 times more CO2on potato dextrose agar (PDA) than on V-8 agar. However, the mutant produced more conidia on PDA than on V-8 whereas the wildtype produced fewer conidia on PDA. Many aspects ofin vitrosporulation may be attributable to the influence of CO2.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025417

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe deuteromycetesDendryphiella arenariaandD. salinaoccur on macroalgae and plant debris in marine habitats. Strains from 17 locations in Canada, New England, the Southeast, Pacific Northwest and Europe were isolated from beaches and salt marshes or obtained from culture collections. The relationships between the species and the degree of genetic variability among different populations were studied. Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to analyze electromorph variation from 11 enzyme systems encoded by 14 presumptive structural loci. Strains ofD. salinafrom different localities had identical electromorph patterns except for 3 strains isolated from Shelter Cove, California. All strains identified asD. arenariadiffered fromD. salinafor four enzyme systems. Our data demonstrate that consistent genetic differences exist between the taxa and support the retention of two species. Some strains could not be placed with certainty in either species because of overlapping morphological characteristics; however, electrophoretic results indicate that all of these belonged toD. arenaria.The genetic variability observed was very low compared to other organisms including fungi. Our electrophoretic data indicate that bothD. arenariaandD. salinaare generalists and it is unlikely they have teleomorphs.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025418

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTA dendrogram was constructed that utilized indices of genetic distance for all isolates tested in an isozyme characterization of Ascosphaerales. The Ascosphaerales clustered into three groups: (1)A. proliperdaandA. atra, (2) mating types ofA. apis, and (3)A. asterophoraandA. major. Ascosphaera aggregataandBettsia alveidid not cluster consistently with other isolates.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025419

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTEctomycorrhizae ofCortinarius obtususandC. venetusvar.montanuson spruce are comprehensively described and compared. They differ in some anatomical, morphological and chemical features and in autofluorescencc. Both species produce contact-clamps. The literature on anatomical and morphological features of ectomycorrhizae characterized so far for species ofCortinariussubgeneraLeprocybeandTelamoniais reviewed. A key is included for the ectomycorrhizae characterized to date in this series.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025420

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTGermlings ofUromyces appendiculardevelop appressoria when they grow on a substrate with a certain topography. Such a topography can be a stomatal guard cell, or a scratch on an artificial substrate with a mean depth of 0.4 um and a width of 0.95 urn. The microtubule and F-actin cytoskeleton was observed to become reoriented parallel to such scratches.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025421

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe presence of endophytic fungi in the second leaf below the shoot apex from field-grown barley was investigated after surface sterilizing the leaves. Half of the eight experimental plots were sprayed with the systemic fungicide propiconazolc and changes in the fungal population recorded. Green leaf area and yield parameters were measured to draw conclusions about the significance of endophytic fungi on grain yield.Alternariaspp. (55% of all isolates) andDidymella phleina(20%) were isolated most frequently whileStemphylium botryosum, Epicoccum purpurascensandCladosporiumspp. were often abundant. In propiconazole-treated plots significantly fewer isolates ofD. phleina, AlternariaandCladosporiumwere obtained, the decline of green leaf area was retarded and grain yield was higher. There was no evidence that one of the frequently found saprobes had accelerated senescence. Therefore, the control ofD. phleinaor cytokinin-like properties of propiconazole equally may have contributed to a yield increase in sprayed plots. The persistence of endophytic fungi in barley leaves seemed to be low and most dependent on climatic conditions and the presence of external inoculum.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025422

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTAcid and alkaline phosphatase and nitrate reductase activities, acid phosphatase isozyme patterns, and cytokinins and indoleacetic acid production were determined for thirteen isolates encompassing six species and three sections of the genusRhizopogon.Two of the species are mycorrhizal associates particularly with Douglas-fir, one with pines, one a host generalist but particularly associated with pines, and two broadly host-general. Isolates within species generally differed as much from each other as did species or sections of the genus. Of all parameters examined, isozyme patterns were most consistent within species and differed most between sections.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025423

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTMicrobodies in the protoplast and hyphal stages of the insect pathogenEntomophaga aulicaediffer in their ultrastructural characteristics. Protoplast microbodies are either thin and elongate, or cup-shaped with a hood-like extension of the delimiting membrane. The membrane may protrude into the matrix of the microbody forming tubular invaginations 45–50 nm in diameter. In contrast, hyphal microbodies are ovoid, and never cup-shaped or as elongate as those observed in protoplasts. Hyphal microbodies exhibit tubular invaginations of the delimiting membrane similar to those observed in protoplasts, and, in addition, contain one or several inclusions. Inclusions in hyphal microbodies consist of a crystalline lattice, one of a number of similar inclusions of a less defined nature, or a presumptive lipid body. These morphological variations probably reflect functional differences for microbodies ofE. aulicaeand suggest that microbodies have limited value as phylogenetic markers.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1987.12025424

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor