摘要:

ABSTRACTTeliospore morphology, teliospore germination and cytology between a bunt fromPoa reflexaandTilletia fuscafrom bromes and fescues are compared, and those of theP. reflexabunt are distinct fromT. fusca.The bunt fromP. reflexais separated fromT. fuscaand described as a new species (T. togwatii), withTilletia fuscaredefined. Spore germination and cytological data are discussed as supplemental criteria in the taxonomy of the bunt fungi.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025539

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe causal agent of borde blanco disease of maize in Central America is identified as a new variety ofMarasmiellus paspali. Marasmiellus paspalivar.americanusdiffers from var.paspaliby paler coloration of the pileus, lamellae and stipe.Marasmiellus paspalivar.paspaliis found in India, Sri Lanka and from an intercept in New Guinea. A third variety in west Africa is distinguished by the near absence of lamellae.Marasmiellus paspali sensu latois known to colonizeZea mays, Paspalum dilatatumandPennisetum leonis.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025540

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTArtificial infection of two grasses and one sedge withAtkinsonella hypoxylonandBalansia cyperi, respectively, is described. Prior inoculations of hosts with these and related fungi in the tribe Balansiae (Clavicipitaceae) have largely been unsuccessful. Seedlings grown in aseptic culture were infected by inserting mycelium and conidia with a needle above the meristem. Infection was evidenced by the presence of mycelium around meristems of new tillers 6–8 weeks after inoculation and by later production of stremata.Atkinsonella hypoxylonstrains from populations of the grassDanthonia spicatawere broadly cross-compatible but could not infect populations ofStipa leucotricha, another host. Strains ofA. hypoxylonfromS. leucotrichacould infect their natural host but notD. spicata.Strains ofB. cyperifromCyperus virensandC. rotunduscould infectC. virensbutA. hypoxyloncould not. The results suggest that there are distinct host races ofA. hypoxylon.Infected seedlings ofD. spicataproduced 50% more tillers than noninfected seedlings after 10 weeks, indicating that this fungus enhances plant growth.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025541

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTAscocarp ontogeny ofChaetomium malaysiensewas studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ascoma development begins when a side branch of a vegetative hypha coils about itself spirally or in an irregular way forming a sessile or slightly stalked ascogonium. The enveloping hyphae that appear shortly after, surround and envelop the ascogonium. Subsequently, ascoma differentiation inC. malaysienseis divided into 4 development stages. Each is associated with cellular adhesion before another reorganization takes place to originate the next developmental stage. Throughout all developmental stages, growth and differentiation seem mainly due to the meristematic character of the hyphal distal ends at the apical part of the ascoma. Hyphal cohesion and extracellular material seem to play a major role in ontogeny. The ostiolar canal probably originates by lysis of the most internal cells in the early stages. Enlargement of the peridial cells that surround the ostiolar pore forms hair-like appendages that elongate and adhere, giving rise to a pronounced neck. The significant length of this neck together with its positive phototropic character, facihtate ascospore dispersion.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025542

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTMorphology of conidial nuclei inCryptosphaeria populina, Eutypella vitis, andDiatrype stigmawas studied and compared with that of nuclei in conidia ofDiaporthe vaccinii.Giemsa and DAPI stains revealed that the diatrypaceous conidial nuclei were elongate and centrally located, often occupying a large cellular volume.Diaporthe vacciniibeta conidial nuclei were shorter and located near the basal ends of spores, while those of alpha conidia were ovoid and usually in the central regions of the spores. Similarities between conidial nuclei of diatrypaceous and xylariaceous fungi are noted. The significance of these findings in relation to the taxonomy of the Diatrypaceae, Xylariaceae, and Diaporthales is discussed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025543

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTCytological studies ofAscosphaera atrawere carried out using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As mycelial growth becomes extensive, short lateral hyphal branches develop at irregular intervals near the growing tips of vegetative hyphae. Nuclei from vegetative hyphae migrate into these lateral processes, multiply, and disperse within terminal and subterminal cells formed by the development of two septa. Cyst primordia are multinucleate. Nuclei enter the cyst through a pore in the septum separating the terminal and subterminal cells. Nuclei migrating into the cyst are contained within an elongated membranous inclusion that develops one or more septa. Nuclei undergo repeated divisions within the developing cyst, and some of them appear to govern a process of spore formation that is characteristically observable as the association of a mitotically dividing nucleus with an area of homogeneous, nongranular, nonmembrane-bound cytoplasm. This area of cytoplasm develops into sporeballs. There is no evidence of Woronin bodies, ascogenous hyphae, croziers, or asci at the light or TEM level.Ascosphaera atradoes not fit into the emended ordinal description of Ascosphaerales proposed by Skou.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025544

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe discomycete genusAmbrodiscusis described from Ambrosia beetle galleries in the sapwood of a recently fallen 130-year-old tree ofPseudotsuga menziesii.The features of this fungus are extremely reduced, apparently from adaptations to insect dispersal. The placement ofAmbrodiscusin the Leotiales is discussed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025545

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTA survey of major polysaccharides occurring in cell walls ofOphiostoma ulmiandVerticillium alboatrumwas performed by means of gold-complexed lectins and glycosidic enzymes. Some differences in wall carbohydrate composition and distribution were noted in these fungi. Both chitin and cellulose were found to occur in the walls ofO. ulmiwhereas only chitin was present in those ofV. albo-atrum.Polygalacturonic acids were identified in both fungi but a greater amount of galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues occurred in the walls ofV. albo-atrum.In contrast,α-mannosyl and/orα-glucosyl groups were detected only inO. ulmicell walls.β-glucosides and sialic acid were absent in the walls of both fungi.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025546

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTInoculum potential ofGlomus mosseaeandGlomus etunicatumwas reduced significantly in pasteurized soil amended with a sieved suspension from non-sterile soil. Regardless of mycorrhizal fungus inoculum dosage, dry weight and root colonization of plants grown in pasteurized soil with non-sterile soil sievings never equalled those of plants grown in pasteurized soil alone. However, plants exposed to non-sterile soil were more colonized and grew faster than plants in pasteurized soil alone. Only after 13 wk were plants in pasteurized soil significantly more colonized, and after 16 wk larger in dry weight than their counterparts in non-sterile soil or pasteurized soil with sievings. Apparently, loss of inoculum potential alone cannot fully explain the suppression of plant growth observed in non-sterile soil. The suppressive effects of non-sterile soil may be best related to microbial mediation of nutrient availability in soil.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025547

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTA coelomycete isolated from upright stems and fruits of cranberry in Massachusetts is illustrated and described asSynchronoblastia crypta, constituting a monotypic new genus. The fungus produces a single layer of cushion-shaped or irregular conidiogenous cells lining an ostiolate pycnidial conidioma. Each conidiogenous cell gives rise simultaneously and blastically to numerous uninucleate conidia. Similar conidia are produced on assimilative hyphae on agar media.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025548

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor