ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026141

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTA thraustochytrid zoosporic fungus with characteristics of the genusSchizochytriumis a common member of an assemblage of different endolithic marine microorganisms found in carbonate shell fragments. We used clean shell fragments as bait in various subtidal marine locations on the coasts of Maine, Georgia and Jamaica. Heterotrophs (including fungi) were selected by covering each bait panel with a stainless steel shade that allowed sea water to circulate easily over the shell fragments. Shell fragments were recovered after six months. Details of the cytology of the endolithic organisms were revealed by a technique which produced a resin cast of the endoliths, or their traces, after fixed and embedded shells were decalcified. Scanning electron microscope observations were of the resin casts and transmission electron microscope observations were of sections of reembedded resin casts. Thraustochytrids were particularly abundant in fragments of mussel shells, which have more organic matrix than clam or oyster shells. Within the shells the thraustochytrids formed unusual elongated, tapered, and sometimes branched thalli that are divided into many vegetative cells, a characteristic feature ofSchizochytrium.The cell nearest the shell surface typically was a zoosporangium containing biflagellate zoospores. Ultrastructural evidence for the thraustochytrid nature of the endoliths included a layered wall of dictyosome-derived thin scales and the production of an ectoplasmic network from bothrosomes on the cell surface. This role of thraustochytrid fungi in bioerosion is new and unexpected.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026142

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTFour new species of the hyphomycete genusGibellula, collected in South America and parasitizing spiders are described.G. mainsiiis characterized by mononematous, smooth-walled conidiophores.G. brunneahas typical brown conidiophores borne on bulbiform synnemata and aGranulomanussynanamorph which is produced on well-differentiated conidiophores.G. clavatawith its teleomorphTorrubiella clavatan. sp. resemblesG. leiopusbut has distinctive clavate, paired synnemata. Both stages were regularly collected in cacao plantations in western Ecuador.G. mirabilishas golden yellow paired synnemata with short conidiophores producing fusiform conidia. BothG. clavataandG. mirabilishaveGranulomanussynanamorphs. A dichotomous key to the new and accepted taxa is provided.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026143

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe entire vegetative life cycle of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusGlomus intraradixwas followed in a simple monoxenic culture system using Ri T DNA-transformed carrot roots and non-transformed tomato roots as plant partners. Fungal development, from the growth of initial germ tubes to the formation of an external mycelium network and spore production, was observed nondestructively using light microscopy.Surface-sterilized spores isolated from pot culture constituted an excellent source of fungal inoculum. These spores germinated readily on the nutrient medium and only a low rate of contamination was recorded. Germ tubes approaching the surface of isolated roots changed their growth pattern and branched profusely in response to root factors. Throughout the growth process it was possible to observe directly the formation of terminal and intercalary secondary spores, numerous hyphal anastomoses and arbuscle-like structures, intracellular vesicles and spores. The extent of internal root colonization byG. intraradixwas relatively limited, but it was sufficient to permit thein vitroformation of hundreds of new spores free of contaminants, which were viable and capable of colonizing host roots.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026144

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper reports observations on 11 fungi from Hawaii based on a study of fungal specimens housed at the Bishop Museum as well as on recent collections. Two new species,Echidnodella imadaeandHelicodendron minutum, are described. Six species are reported from Hawaii for the first time, namelyAsteridiella plebeja, Balladyna velutina, Ciliochorella mangiferae, Cordella johnstonii, Dendryphiopsis atraandExcipulariopsis narsapurensis.Additional records of the relatively rare speciesBrasiliomyces setosa, Helicoma dennisiiandMycoenterolobium platysporumare also listed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026145

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTPrevious studies of isozyme banding patterns inUromyces appendiculatuscompared one isolate per population or location. In this study, five or more isolates were surveyed from each of 12 field collections to estimate genetic variation within and between the source populations. Five enzymes stained in Polyacrylamide slab gels produced 10–21 bands grouped as 10 markers (putative loci); 14 of these bands were present in>72% of the isolates. Six markers indicated heterozygous loci. Marker I of phosphoglucomutase was the most diverse across the collections; three markers were fixed. One marker pattern was predominant for each enzyme, and one multi-isozyme phenotype occurred in 11 of the 12 collections and 21 of the 66 isolates. A 1986 collection from west-central Minnesota, denoted P24, had the lowest Shannon Diversity Index, the highest proportion of simple (homozygote-like) band patterns, the highest mean number of marker differences from isolates of the other collections, and no phenotypes in common with any other collection. Nei's Coefficient of Genetic Identity averaged 0.952 among 11 of the collections but only 0.791 between P24 and the other collections. Collection P24 may represent a late-season epidemic population of asexually produced spores.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026146

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTExplorations in the mountains of Nuevo León, Coahuila, Durango, and Tamaulipas from 1980 to 1985 yielded 24 species of hypogeous fungi, one beingRhizopogon guzmanii sp. nov.and 17 being first reports from México. Twelve genera are represented:Glomus(Zygomycotina);Elaphomyces, Genea, Hydnobolites, Pachyphloeus, andTuber(Ascomycotina);Gautieria, Hymenogaster, Leucogaster, Melanogaster, Octavianina, andRhizopogon(Basidiomycotina).

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026147

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTSepta of the ascomycete partners of mycorrhizal silver fir (Abies alba) were investigated. Septal pores are accompanied by few Woronin bodies and are usually plugged by dark-staining, membrane-bound material. In one mycorrhizal type, groups of vesicles with electron-dense contents commonly are associated with the pores. They seem to originate from a Golgi-like endomembrane system and appear to contribute to the septal pore plug. In another ascomycete mycorrhiza, plugging of pores by Woronin bodies occurs at septa separating vigorous and dying fungal cells. Pores plugged by Woronin bodies are usually sealed by the vigorous cell with a layer of electron-translucent wall material. Characters of ultrastructure and anatomy suggest that the Ascomycetes belong to the Tuberales or Pezizales.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026148

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTA new technique was developed to distinguish the four incompatibility interactions inArmillaria mellea sensu stricto.The technique involves confronting two single-basidiospore isolates on oak wood extract agar and then transplanting a strip from the colonies including the interaction zone onto squeezed orange juice agar. A compatible (A≠B≠) interaction results in a change of the colony morphology along the entire agar strip. Morphological characteristics of compatible interactions are highly variable. They may be expressed as appressed or crustose secondary mycelium. In a common B (A≠B=) interaction, such a change occurs only in the interaction zone. The ends of the agar strip remain white and fluffy. Both the common A (A=B≠) and common AB (A=B=) interactions remain fluffy and unchanged. The genotype can be deduced after identifying the A≠B≠and A≠B= interactions. In addition, pairing mycelium produced by the confrontations with known monosporous tester isolates showed that nuclear migration occurs in A=B≠and A≠B≠interactions but does not occur in A≠B= interactions.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026149

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Amoebidiales, traditionally included in the fungal class Trichomycetes, consists of two genera (ParamoebidiumandAmoebidium) and six valid species associated with freshwater crustaceans and insect larvae. Some of these commensals are common and generally widespread. A new speciesParamoebidium papillatumis described from the hindgut of Siphlonuridae mayflies in New Zealand streams. The only other known New Zealand speciesP. bibrachiumis closely allied and is found in Leptophlebiidae mayflies. The genusParamoebidiumis apparently rare in New Zealand but common in Australia. The only species ofAmoebidiumfound in Australia and New Zealand to date is the new speciesA. australiense; it lives commensalistically on the external cuticle of a species of bloodworm (Chironomidae) in Western Australia. The biogeography of the Amoebidiales in Australia and New Zealand is discussed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026150

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor