ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021631

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe sporulation competence of regenerated sclerotia, induced by slow desiccation (less than 36 h) has been investigated quantitatively. Sclerotia obtained from plasmodia immediately following the growth period retained their ability to germinate after one year's storage. Germinated plasmodia sporulated following illumination on 1.5% agar plates: sporulation was dependent on sclerotial size and the length of illumination period. If sclerotia derived from 2-da dark-starved plasmodia were germinated, a low sporulation frequency was obtained; 3-da dark-starved plasmodia failed to sporulate. Illuminated plasmodia could be induced to form sclerotia if desiccation occurred prior to nodule formation. Sclerotia derived from Plasmodia illuminated just after growth and then regenerated, sporulated in darkness on 1.5% agar. Sporulation frequency was proportional to the length of illumination and size of Sclerotium. The effect of slow desiccation on the determination of plasmodial differentiation is also discussed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021632

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTStrains ofPhoma caricae-papayaewere shown to be light-dependent and light-independent for sporulation. Effective wavelengths for inducing fruiting body, pycnidium and perithecium, formation in a light-dependent strain were shorter than 360 nm. Hybridization between the two strains resulted in progeny which segregated 1:1 with respect to dependency on light for fruiting body formation, indicating a single nuclear gene control for light-dependent sporulation. Stable and uniform heterokaryons were readily established between the two strains without any selective pressure, in spite of the different growth rates of the parental homokaryon strains.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021633

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTChlamydospores ofGlomus darum, G. etunicatum, andG. macrocarpumwere placed on filter membranes and buried in pasteurized or nonpasteurized soils having matric potentials of -10, -100, -1000, and -10,000 mbar. Membranes were removed from soil following a 2-wk incubation, and the percentages of chlamydospores germinated and contaminated by other fungi were determined. For the three species, maximum germination occurred at a matric potential of -100 mbar. Soil pasteurization did not affect germination significantly. The number of chlamydospores with contaminating fungi was not influenced by soil pasteurization. Contamination was low at -10 mbar, but a high percentage of chlamydospores were contaminated in drier soil. The abundance of contaminating fungi was correlated negatively with chlamydospore germination under some conditions. Contaminating fungi were species ofFusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, andChaetomiumwhich were apparently introduced with the chlamydospores.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021634

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe three North American species ofColostomaand one variety were studied from both fresh and dried material. Spores were examined using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The structure of the spore wall is described for the first time for the three species. Tissue systems in the sporocarps were studied from immature and mature specimens using light microscopy. New information is presented on the arrangement of the tissue systems and the structure of the walls. Complete descriptions of each species are presented and accompanied by information on their known distribution in eastern North America.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021635

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTScanning electron microscope studies have been conducted on the operculum of sporangia ofTrichia crateriformisand its structure has been compared with that of other operculate Myxomycetes. The operculum ofT. crateriformisconsists of a single layer of spore-like bodies that have cell walls ornamented with warty excresences similar to those of the spores. It adjoins the membranous peridium of the sporangium in a transition region which constitutes the dehiscence zone. In other taxa with operculate sporophores examined the operculum is membranous and has a structure generally similar to that of its associated peridium. The type of operculum inT. crateriformismay be unique for the Myxomycetes.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021636

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTFifty-six strains of endophytic fungi isolated from coniferous foliage in Europe and in Oregon, U.S.A., were tested for their ability to utilize various complex substrates including cellulose, xylan, mannan, several other hemicelluloses, pectin, and two lignin derivatives. Cultures were also assayed for lipolytic activity, laccase production, growth on gallic acid, and production of darkly pigmented reaction products on gallic acid. A majority of isolates utilized xylan and pectin, showed lipolytic activity, and grew on gallic acid. Fewer isolates (54%) utilized cellulose, and only a small proportion utilized hemicelluloses other than xylan. Among isolates from conifers with distinct needles, fungi occurring only in the petioles showed a broad range of substrate utilization capabilities, while those from the needle blades were more restricted in their abilities. Isolates from cuppressaceous foliage utilized xylan but varied greatly with respect to other capabilities. Different isolates of the same fungus often varied in their substrate utilization capacities. Substrate utilization patterns of all the common endophytes from a single host suggested that several endophytes may co-exist within a single leaf by biochemical partitioning of resources.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021637

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTDevelopment of the zygospore ofMortierella indohiiwas investigated by light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. During development of the zygospore, one suspensor acts as a basal supporting element. Investing hyphae, which either partly or entirely cover the zygospore at maturity, develop from the basal suspensor. The surface of the mature zygospore appears dimpled. The wall of the zygospore comprises a fine outer layer, presumed to correspond with the zygosporangial wall, an electron-opaque layer, a fine electron-translucent layer, and a zoned multilamellate, relatively thick layer. Organelles, which tend to be located in the central cytoplasm of the zygospore, are surrounded by numerous lipid droplets.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021638

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe location and quantity of original specimens of boletes described by C. C. Frost are documented. Six known types are listed, and 19 additional ones are designated. The concepts ofBoletus miniato-olivaceusandB. ferrugineusare refined, microscopic data are added for other species, relationships are postulated, andSuillus salmonicoloris proposed as a new combination.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021639

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTGraphiola phoenicis, a biotrophic parasitic fungus of palms, was originally identified as a myxomycete and later classified as a discomycete, rust, pyrenomycete, smut-like fungus and hyphomycete. This taxonomic confusion has persisted for approximately 160 years and is primarily due to the lack of understanding of fructification development and the nuclear cycle of the fungus. During our investigations,Phoenix canariensisHort., which is one of the hosts ofG. phoenicis, was maintained in a growth chamber under conditions suitable for dissemination of the parasite. On the basis of ultrastructural and histological data obtained from a study of infected leaves, mechanisms of ingress, ramification and egress ofG. phoenicisare proposed. Techniques of fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry show that the air-dispersed propagules and yeast cells are the same ploidy and support the results of a recent study which demonstrate that meiosis occurs in the chain of fertile cells (basidia). The fungus is a member of the Heterobasidiomycetes and should be accommodated in the separate order Graphiolales.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021640

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor