ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025973

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025974

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTImmersion of solid substrate fully colonized by the mycelium ofLentinula edodesin chilled water at 5 C for 24 h and treatment of mycelium grown in synthetic medium at 5 C for 24 h resulted in significantly earlier initiation and increase in dry weight of sporophores. Following the cold shock treatment, there was an increase in the degree of unsaturation of the polar lipids of the mycelium caused by the variation in the proportion of C18:2and C16:0. There was also an increase in the polar to nonpolar lipid ratio. Levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol in the mycelium were significantly (P<0.05) altered. A significant (P<0.05) increase in the uptake of glucose and aspartic acid was also observed as a result of the treatment.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025975

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree new taxa belonging inMarasmiussect.Sicciare described from material collected from southeastern North America:M. pseudobambusinus, M. floridanusvar.virginianus, andM. haematocephalusvar.anomaloides. Marasmius floridanusvar.floridanusis redescribed andM. spadiceusis considered a synonym.M. haematocephalusvar.haematocephalusis reported from the southern Appalachian Mountains. All taxa are illustrated and compared with phenetically similar taxa.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025976

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTEvidence of several kinds was sought to confirm that structures thought to be resistant sporangia (RS) inNeocallimastixsp. shared characteristics with RS of other zoosporic fungi. In liquid medium,Neocallimastixformed a chytrid-like thallus made up of a system of intramatrical anchoring rhizoids and an extramatrical sessile or stalked zoosporangium on fiber pieces. As the culture aged, there was a shift from the development of zoosporangia to the production of RS. RS were first observed 36 h after zoospores were inoculated into fresh basal anaerobic medium. Encysted zoospores often developed into elongate thalli that branched monopodially near the tip. During RS formation, the tip of each branch enlarged and the nuclei and cytoplasm migrated towards this enlarged region. A septum was then formed to delimit the developing RS which became pigmented as it matured. The mature RS were dark brown and the pigment in their walls was identified as melanin using histochemical tests. Zoospores had the 1C level of DNA with 1C and 2C levels being observed in developing zoosporangia. The DNA content in the mature RS (4C) was found to be twice the highest level of DNA in the zoosporangium (2C) which suggested that there was a diploidization during RS formation. Additional studies needed to characterize the RS are discussed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025977

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe mycelium of higher fungi is portrayed as a developmentally versatile collective in which an initially dendritic pattern of branching is converted, by hyphal anastomosis, into a communication network. Spatial and functional patterns in the mycelium depend on the establishment of gradients allowing flow of protoplasmic resources and organellesviaradial or tangential routes between source and sink regions. Anastomosis between genetically different mycelia of the same or closely related species sets the stage for varying outcomes of genomic interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial populations. These outcomes range from the stable‘merger’of fully compatible basidiomycete matings, through various unstable associations culminating in genomic takeover, degeneracy or complex phenotypic emergence, to the mutual rejection characteristic of a somatic incompatibility response.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025978

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTFungus/host interactions during primary stroma formation were investigated forAcremonium typhinuminAgrostis hiemalisandElymus canadensisand found to be essentially the same in both grasses. InFestuca obtusa, where no primary conidial stroma or perithecialEpichloe typhinastroma are formed,A. typhinumis seed transmitted and has a similar habit toA. coenophialuminFestuca arundinacea.Experiments were conducted to determine the possible role of sugar utilization capacity in regulating stromata formation.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025979

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTIntraspecific hyphal interactions were tested with five species of aquatic hyphomycetes. When inocula were introduced at a distance of 2.5 cm, growth of both strains of interacting pairs slowed down as they approached each other. Growth reduction was negatively correlated with geographic distance between the isolation sites of interacting strains. In every interaction, at least a few hyphae continued growth and intermingled with hyphae of the opposing colony. When inocula were placed adjacent to each other, the two strains intermingled without evidence for hyphal interference. In 6 out of 74 combinations, a very slight increase in aerial mycelium was observed.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025980

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTGrowth on different media, substrate utilization patterns, water-soluble protein electrophoretic profiles, as well as pectinase and amylase multilocus enzyme analyses were used to characterize thirty-seven endophytic strains ofLeptostromaisolated from needles ofPicea abies, Abies alba, andA. balsamea.Among substrate utilization tests, only proteolytic activity, almost absent in the spruce isolates but usually present in the others, could be used for characterization of strains. All isolates tested positive for the Bavendamm reaction and were able to utilize soluble starch and cellulose. Electrophoresis of water soluble proteins provided a reliable method to distinguish isolates from different hosts because electromorphs were host-specific. Electrophoresis of pectic enzymes allowed a more accurate differentiation of strains within host, but, on the whole, host-specificity of electromorphs was confirmed. Amylolytic activity was absent inca50% of the strains tested and the same electromorph was shared by roughly 80% of the remaining isolates. The results of this study support the hypothesis that distinct species ofLeptostroma, which are morphologically almost indistinguishable from each other, colonize apparently healthy needles ofA. alba, A. balsamea, andP. abies.Ecophysiologically all isolates showed biochemical attributes associated with needle penetration and long-term residence within needles.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025981

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe ability of eight vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi to stimulate growth of the warm-season prairie grassAndropogon gerardiiwas compared in steamed prairie soil, steamed soil amended with non-sterile soil sievate, and in non-sterile soil. Five of the VAM fungi were highly effective in steamed soil, i.e., inoculated plants were 56–224 times larger than noninoculated plants. However, mycorrhizal growth response from these five species was suppressed by an average of 23.6% in the presence of soil microbes, i.e., either in steamed soil with sievate or in non-sterile soil. The three VAM fungi which produced little or no growth response were not subject to this microbial suppression. Percentage of root colonization produced by the eight VAM fungi was highly variable, ranging from 17.3 to 78.2%, and was not correlated with growth response. In general, species which produced extremely high colonization rates in steamed soil were inhibited from doing so in the presence of the soil microflora. Apparently, regardless of VAM fungus species, the soil microflora regulates degree of growth response and root colonization. Metalaxyl fungicide was added toA. gerardiiandSchizachyrium scoparium(=Andropogon scoparius) plants in the three soil treatments. While the fungicide increased root colonization in non-sterile soil, there was no corresponding increase in plant dry weight. The fungicide may allow mycorrhizal fungi to proliferate in roots, but control of oomycete fungi does not fully eliminate the suppressive effect of the soil microflora on mycorrhizal growth response.

ISSN:0027-5514    

DOI:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025982

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor