摘要:

Several diets were tested for rearing the legume pod borer,Maruca testulalis(Geyer). After initial selection of a soyflour‐based diet, further research was conducted to determine whether cowpea flour could be substituted for soyflour. Three levels of cowpea flour were tested; 25, 38 and 50 g of cow‐pea flour were used in place of 35.6 g of soyflour per 0.8 litre of diet. The 50 g level was found to give the shortest larval development time, biggest pupae, highest level of pupation and adult emergence, and highest growth index value. The resulting diet with cowpea flour and a “leaf factor”; component, and the complete larval rearing procedures, are described. Data are presented for the performance of the insect on this diet after 10 generations, and suggestions for future work are indicated.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371236

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of farming practices, continuous cropping, fallowing, cattle grazing and afforestation on the populations of two grasshopper pests, namely,Kraussaria anguliferaandOedaleus senegalensiswere investigatged at Gumel, in the savanna zone of Nigeria. The populations of the adults and the nymphs of the grasshopper species were assessed by flushing quadrats in eight habitats.The Azadirachta indica(neem) plantation and the cropped fields of millet(Pennisetum americanum)surghum(Sorghum bicolor)and sorghum intercropped with Benniseed(Sesamum indicum)had lower populations of grasshoppers than the grazing field, fallow lands andAcacia arabicaplantation. Intensification of fallow resulted in an increase in grasshopper numbers. Trampling by cattle did not significantly affect the viability of grasshopper eggs in the fields. Cultivation and afforestation affected grasshoppers adversely.K. anguliferawas more vulnerable to cultivation pressure than O.senegalensis.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371237

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Oviposition of the bean flower thrips, (BFT)(Megalurothrips sjostedti)on the thrips‐resistant cowpea genotype TVx 3236 was compared with that of four other genotypes on field and screenhouse experiments. TVx 3236 and its resistant parent (TVu 1509) were significantly nonpreferred for oviposition by BFT in field experiments. In choice/no choice experiments in the screenhouse, TVx 3236 was also nonsignificantly preferred for oviposition in comparison with the susceptible genotype VITA 7. The physical basis of ovipositional nonpreference appeared to be associated with reduced air spaces in the calyx tissue of TVx 3236.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371238

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Possible mechanisms of resistance to the bean flower thrips (BFT)M. sjostedti(Trybom) in cowpea(Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp. genotype TVx 3236 were studied in field and screenhouse experiments. Nonpreference was evaluated through measuring differences in populations and damage of BFT on TVx 3236 compared with susceptible genotypes. TVx 3236 consistently had lower thrips populations in field experiments, and was observed to sustain less damage in screenhouse choicefeeding. Antibiosis was evaluated through rearing thrips on flower buds of TVx 3236 and a susceptible standard (VITA7), and antibiosis was manifested by extended immature developmental period and decreased survival of adults. Nonpreference and antibiosis are discussed as modalities underlying the resistance of TVx 3236.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371239

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A fruit‐damaging insect on apple in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh has been identified as the apple fruit moth/miner,Argyresthia conjugellaZeller, a common pest of apple in Asian, European and American countries. It seems to be native to India, where its primary host, the sorb tree,Sorbus aucuparisLinn. is present. Studies on the distribution and extent of damage during 1983 and 1984 revealed that the pest was distributed in the Kinnaur district at altitude between 2445 to 2900 m and in yearly isotherms of 0 to 10° C. The damage varied from zero to above 50%. Its spread to other apple growing areas of the state is unlikely due to unsuitable agroclimatic conditions.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371240

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Field evaluation of citrus germplasm for the incidence of oriental red miteE. orientalisunder tropical humid conditions in South India, revealed that the significantly highest mean mite numbers, 7.6 per leaf, were recorded on hybrid Carrizo Citrange while the variety Kagzi Lime was completely free from mites. Mandarin varieties Coorg Mandarin (0.12) Sylhet Mandarin (0.15) and Mandarin Wilking (0.17), sweet orange varieties Bibile Seedless (0.05), Longsport Valencia (0.1) and Valencia Chapman (0.15), Acid group varieties Italian Lemon (0.075), Mahalung (0.05), Sweet Lime (0.07) and Seedless Lime (0.1) can be used in citrus breeding programmes for mite resistance as these varieties recorded significantly least mean mite number per leaf.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371241

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Potatoes are reported to be attacked by more than 80 insects and many nematode pests in the field and in store in India. They can be broadly classified into soil pests, sucking pests and sap feeders, defoliators and storage pests. Nematode pests are mainly classified into the root knot nematodes and the cyst‐forming nematodes. This article deals with their identification, damage, biology and control measures.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371242

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hollow‐fibre, laminate‐flake and microencapsulated formulations of the synthetic sex pheromone(Z,Z)and (Z,E)‐7–11‐hexadecadienyl acetate ofPectinophora gossypiella(Saunders) were applied aerially in large scale trials in the Delta region of Egypt in 1985. 100 ha blocks of cotton were treated at regular intervals throughout the season as the only means of controlling the pest and compared with a 100 ha block of cotton sited in the same locality which was treated aerially with conventional insecticide spray applications. Comparisons of numbers of infested bolls, open boll counts and yields of seed cotton showed that adequate levels of control were achieved with all three pheromone formulations which were at least as effective as the insecticide sprays. The costs of the pheromone formulations and their aerial application also compared favourably with the insecticide programme. Greater numbers of beneficial insects were recorded in the pheromone‐treated areas than in the insecticide treated area.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371243

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study in three different ecological zones: the Paghman valley, Kabul Plateau; the Afghan‐Turkistan; and the Southwestern region, was conducted over two years to learn more about the impact of the major arthropod pests on the quality and quantity of the deciduous fruits in Afghanistan. Eight major pests were found to be causing considerable damage: Codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.) and lesser ermine moth,Yponomauta padella(L.) were the limiting factors in the production of apple and almond respectively in some areas.Aphis pomiDegeer,Eriosoma lanigerum(Hausmann) and San Jose scaleQuadraspidiotus pernidosus(Comstock) were more serious in the Southwestern region than the other areas. The mites,Tetranychus urticae(Koch) andPanonychus ulmi(Koch) were more serious in the Afghan‐Turkistan region.Rhagoletis pomonella(Walsh) was not as serious as codling moth.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371244

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

White grubs, termites, millipedes, wireworms and earwigs bore holes in developing groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) pods throughout the semi‐arid tropics. White grubs and termites also damage the roots. The above‐ground pests includeSpodoptera lituraFab. and the groundnut leaf minerAproaerema modicellaDeventer in Asia. Aphids transmit a number of virus diseases. A thripsFrankliniella schultzei(Trybom) is the vector of bud necrosis disease, which is a serious problem in Asia, southern USA and Australia. Jassids can cause much foliar damage, but their pest status is not certain, except as virus vectors. The pest control options lead away from insecticides, which are often available and are too expensive, towards exploiting host plant resistance and natural control and employing management techniques that restrict pest activity.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371245

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor