摘要:

True aphidophagous Coccinellidae in India are represented by at least 36 species. Many other records of this insect group either refer to incidental predators of aphids,or aredoubtful records. In spite of the important role of coccinellid predators in the biological control of aphids, no serious and sustained amount of workon anycoccinellid predator of aphids has been undertaken in India, and most of the existing information derives from the results of sporadic work. This is the first attempt to review the subject and present a bibliography to cover the basic needs of future work. A prey‐predator catalogue is included.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371196

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Field experiments were conducted in two agroclimatic regions of Rajasthan (the semi‐humid Udaipur in 1979 and 1981, and the semi‐arid Jobner‐Jaipur in 1980 and 1981) to evaluate the insecticides, chlorpyrifos (0.05%), ethion (0.05%), phosalone (0.035%), dicofol (0.1%), carbaryl (0.2%), toxaphene (0.1%), malathion (0.05%), endosulfan (0.07%) and dimethoate (0.03%) for the control of the pumpkin beetle and the fruitfly damaging musk melon var.Durgapura madhu.Four spray applications of 0.2% carbaryl at 3, 5, 9 and 11 weeks after sowing proved most effective against both the pumpkin beetle and the fruitfly, and resulted in increases in yield of between 79 and 89 q/ha, and net profits of between Rs 5526 and 6246/ha, over the check. Sprays of dimethoate and phosalone were found to be effective against both pests and also gave higher benefit/cost ratios because of low costs.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371197

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Survey studies were carried out to determine the identity and bionomics of insect vectors of tristeza and greening diseases of citrus in citrus growing regions of Ethiopia between 1982 and 1985: Results of these studies revealed that three species of aphids:Aphis gossypiiGlover,Toxoptera aurantiiBoyer de Fonscolombe andT. citricidus(Kirkaldy), were implicated in tristeza, whereas the citrus psyllid,Trioza erytreaeDel Guercio, was solely responsible for greening; the Asiatic psyllid,DiaphorinacitriKuwayama, was not found in this country. Among the aphids,A. gossypiiwas least common on citrus whileT. aurantiiwas found in large numbers and was widely distributed throughout the country;T. citriciduswas confined mainly to the middle Awash areas.Trioza erytreawas widely spread in the country above 1500 m and was more severe at higher altitudes. Host range studies indicated thatA. gossypii, T. aurantiiandT. erytreaeare polyphagous whileT. citriciduswas found only on citrus. No parasitoid wasrearedfromA. gossypiiduring the study while five and six species were identified fromT. aurantiiandT. erytreaerespectively. The encyrtids,Psyllaephagus pulvinatus(Waterston) andPsyllaephagussp. were the dominant and widely distributed primary parasitoids ofT. erytreae.Eleven species of predators were recorded on one or more of the insect vectors.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371198

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A field trial was laid out with eight insecticides on groundnut at Padappai in Tamil Nadu. Toxicity of these insecticides to the first and third instar larvae ofSpodoptera liturawas evaluated as (i) immediate toxicity on the basis of mortality of larvae in 24 hours on groundnut leaves carrying fresh dry film of insecticide and (ii) residual toxicity by comparing the mortality data of the larvae released on 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 11 days old residues. Cypermethrin was found superior in both aspects against the two instars of S.liturafollowed closely by deltamethrin and fenvalerate. Endosulfan and triazophos were more effective against first instar larvae compared to the third instar larvae. The order of toxicity based on LT50values estimated for the third instar larvae was cypermethrin > deltamethrin > fenvalerate > endosulfan > triazophos > quinalphos > carbaryl > phosalone.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371199

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A series of insecticidal treatment schedules involving different numbers and timings of thiodan sprays were devised to obtain a gradient in the okra leafhopper(Amrasca biguttula biguttulaIshida) population, in order to evaluate the yield‐infestation (population) relationship and determine the economic injury level (EIL). The yield infestation relationship was best explained by the linear form of equation, (Y = 64.99 ‐ 0.8525 X), as compared to the log linear and quadratic forms. A mean EIL value of 4.66 leafhoppers per plant was calculated for four Insecticides from the yield infestation relationship and the gain thresholds, based on the costs of protection and the price of okra.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371200

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The susceptibility of eleven locally purchased pulses against cowpea weevil,C. maculatus(F.) (Bruchidae: Coleoptera) was determined on the basis of different variables. Oviposition remained independent of insect growth and development. The developmental period was reduced on susceptible, as compared to resistant, pulses. On the basis of such variables as the number of adult progeny, adult longevity and weight, seed weight loss and damage, mungbean(Vigna radiata)mash(Vigna mungo)gram(Cicer arietinum)(Kabli white) and small bean(Vigna sinensis)were found to be susceptible while french bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)lentil(Lens culinaris)soybean(Glycine max)and gram roasted(Cicer arietinum)(black seeded) were highly immune to this pest. Other pulses, peas(Pisum sativum)gram split(Cicer arietinum)(black seeded) and gram(Cicer arietinum)(black seeded) showed little susceptibility. There was also correlation between the variables.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371201

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Information is presented on the economic importance, biology and ecology of Insect pests attacking pearl millet in the Sudano‐sahelian zone of West Africa. Stem borers(Acigona ignefusalis)and spike worms(Raghuva albipunctella)are Important. Sporadic pests cause considerable losses during certain seasons. At present, no control measures are recommended for farmers’ use. Recent experimental work on cultural practices, insecticides, varietal resistance, and natural enemies is reviewed; and the possibility of developing an integrated pest management strategy for peasant farming systems is discussed.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371202

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The development of a trapping system for monitoringHeliothis armigeramale moths using a synthetic sex pheromone attractant at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India, is described. This work started in 1977 using virgin females as baits but the Tropical Products Institute of London subsequently provided synthetic pheromone mixtures that attracted many more moths. These were initially dispensed through polythene vials but field tests showed that rubber septa on which pheromone was adsorbed were far more attractive. Eventually, small rubber burette stoppers, on which 2 mg of the pheromone was adsorbed, were adopted as the standard lures. Tests showed that these lures attracted moths for several months but that 4 weeks was the optimum use period. Several designs of traps were constructed and evaluated. Dry traps, particularly funnel types, were more effective than sticky traps. A white funnel trap was most efficient and was adopted as the ICRISAT standard trap. Subsequent research showed that the incorporation of a perforated baffle around the lure greatly increased catches. Traps placed just above the crop canopy in sorghum, millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, and groundnut caught more moths than at other heights. Dichlorvos used as a fumigant did not decrease catches and killed moths for over 4 weeks. ICRISAT standard traps are being used in a network to study the populations ofH. armigeraand their movements across the Indian subcontinent.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371203

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A field study on the oviposition ofOstrinia furnacalisand plant growth stage, plant height, rainfall and larval density at Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang showed that in the field 74% of adult moths preferred to oviposit on the middle leaves as compared to other parts of the plants. Nearly twice as many eggs were oviposited on the lower leaf surface (63%) as compared to the upper (37%). The mid‐whorl and tassel stages were most attractive to adults of generation 1 and 2, respectively. Oviposition was related to plant height, but plants over 200 cm were not preferred. The number of bored holes was a significant predictor of larval density but not egg numbers. Rainfall may be important in influencing moth activity and oviposition, particularly significant in generation 2. The use of this data in planning and timing insecticide application is discussed.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371204

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The observations were made on the life history of rhizome fly,Mimegralla coeruleifronsMacquart on turmeric and ginger plants. A female laid from 76 to 150 eggs in the soil under laboratory conditions. The incubation period varied from 2 to 5 days. Three larval instars were observed. The durations of first, second and third instars were 4 to 7, 4 to 8 and 3 to 10 days, respectively. The total larval period ranged from 13 to 25 days. The pupal period lasted for 5 to 15 days, adults from 7 to 24 days, and the total life span from 38 to 62 days. The sex ratio was 1: 1 approximately. The stages are described. A parasite,Trichopria spwas recorded from its pupae. The pupal stage appeared to be responsible for carry over of the pest in planting seed rhizomes from season to another. The peak period of infestation in endemic areas was from mid August to mid October.

ISSN:0143-6147    

DOI:10.1080/09670878809371205

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor