摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the diyerential effect of two presentation-forms on the acquisition of the concept of shock. It is hypothesized that presenting a prototype facilitates learning and retention of the concept shock compared with verbally enumerating the attributes of the same concept. A group of 106 students from nursing education participated in the experiment. A matched group design guided the assigning of students to different instructional conditions. The instructional program consisted of expository texts, different types of questions and feedback. In the experimental condition eight videotaped typical cases of shock were incorporated in the program. Data-analysis resulted in confirmation of the hypotheses (p<0.0l), i.e. new instances of shock were identifed more frequently by students of the experimental group, while these students were also more able to list commonalities and differences between different cases of shock. This finding supports the prototype-paradigm in concept learning and implies the recommendation to organize lessons in clinical reasoning or diagnostic behavior around typical cases of concepts.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006638

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The scientific explosion of the second half of this century has led in the medical field to a process of specialization and sub-specialization, with heavy emphasis on knowledge and technical skills and neglect of the traditional humane and interpersonal aspects of the practice of medicine. An important part of clinical competence of the physician is thereby threatened. Therefore faculties should be encouraged to devise ways of teaching the formation of the right attitude as an integral part of the curriculum and include the testing of attitude in their evaluation of final competence of the student.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006639

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Thirty people close to graduation fiom each of the medical schools at McMaster University (MU), Rijksuniversiteit Limburg (RL), Tufts University (TU) and the University of Edinburgh (UE) were interviewed about their future career choices. Few of them recognized features of the medical programmes as influences on their choices, except for the research experience available to some students in an Honours year in Edinburgh and during electives in RL. For all groups, having done research at any time was associated withaplans to do research in the future. Diflerences in other aspects of their development as physicians were found to be associated more often with whether the medical school had post-secondary education prerequisities for admission (MU, TU) or not (RL, UE), than with whether the programmes used traditional education methods (TU, UE) or not (MU, RL).

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006640

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An interactive microcomputer-videodisc programme for providing instruction in interpreting the peripheral blood smear was evaluated by 23 medical students. The mean scores of the students on a test of interpretation of photomicrographs of blood smears increased significantly after use of the teaching programme. The students' responses to a questionnaire indicated that they viewed computer based instruction as a useful learning tool. The results of the study suggest that computer assisted instruction may be one method for addressing some of the current problems in medical education.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006641

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Treatment decision making in cancer patients is dependent on tumour variables, patient variables, and physician bias. Patient age and socio-economic status were examined as independent variables in treatment decision making. Bias towards oflering treatment options to younger, more socially active patients was found.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006642

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We hypothesized that attending a brief, introductory hypnosis training workshop enhances communication skills. We speculated that attending such a programme would enable residents in a Family Medicine training programme to identifj the psycho-social concerns of their patients more rapidly. To test the hypothesis five residents were videotaped interviewing a standardized patient before and after attending a hypnosis workshop. A blinded observer reviewed the tapes. The observer counted the number of comments made by the residents on their patient's non-verbal behaviour and the time required to confiont the patient's primary concern. The residents made more comments on their patient's non-verbal communication after training than before, and more than the controls. They also shortened the time until they addressed the primary concern. This diference was not statistically significant. There was however a strong negative correlation (r =−0.92) between the number of these comments made and the time required to unveil the patient's hidden agenda. An increased awareness of nonverbal cues, achieved through hypnosis training, appears to help reveal a patient's hidden agenda. The implications of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006643

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The challenges of providing useful didactic teaching conferences for house oflcers and students on ward rotations in a program with several training sites are reviewed. An approach used by the Division of General Internal Medicine at the University of Washington minimizes these dipculties and may be of interest to others responsible for the teaching of house officers.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006644

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Based on the general learning curve formula, the authors have devised a method to estimate the experience needed to achieve competence in the performance of medical and surgical procedures. The method quantitates the learning ability of the trainee, the technical diflculty of the procedure, and the expected level of competence. Two retrospective applications demonstrate the ease of use and reliability of the method.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006645

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006646

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599009006647

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor