摘要:

Maxillofacial miniplates and screws were used for skeletal fixation in 15 dogs and 3 cats that sustained a variety of mandibular and maxillary fractures. These implants were used as neutralization or buttress fixation in 11 caudal (junction of the ramus with the mandibular body) and 2 rostral mandibular fractures, 4 maxillary fractures, and 2 zygomatic arch fractures. All but one of the fractures healed with appropriate occlusion and excellent function. In one case of a rostral mandibular fracture, soft tissue dehiscence occurred accompanied by a loss of the fixation and subsequent distraction of the bone fragments; reasonable function was obtained by performing a rostral mandibulectomy. Plate contouring and application of the miniplates along the appropriate biomechanical lines of stress was easily performed and permitted the biomechanical principles of tension band fixation to be applied in most cases. Miniplate fixation, either used alone or in combination with other fracture fixation techniques, achieved sufficiently rigid skeletal fixation to provide uncomplicated healing and good to excellent functional and cosmetic results in 14 dogs and 3 cats.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Use of a Modified Toggle Pin for Repair of Coxofemoral Luxation in Dogs With Multiple Orthopedic Injuries: 14 cases (1986–1994) by Beckham HP Jr, et

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study evaluates the cranial rectus abdominus muscle pedicle flap as the sole blood supply for the caudal superficial epigastric skin flap. This flap was composed of a cranially based rectus abdominus muscle pedicle flap that was attached to the caudal superficial epigastric island skin flap (including mammary glands 2 to 5) via the pudendoepigastric trunk. Selective angiography of the cranial epigastric artery in eight cadaver dogs proved that the arterial vasculature in the cranial rectus abdominus was contiguous with that in the caudal superficial epigastric skin flap. In the live dog study, three of six of the flaps failed because of venous insufficiency. Necrosis of mammary gland 2 occurred in two of six flaps. One of six flaps survived with the exception of the cranial most aspect of mammary gland 2. Angiography of the cranial epigastric artery proved that arterial blood supply to these flaps was intact. Histological evaluation of the failed flaps showed full‐thickness necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, the presence of severe congestion, and venous thrombosis. Retrograde venous blood flow through the flap was inconsistent, and hence resulted in failure of this myocutaneous flap. Use of this flap for clinical wound reconstruction cannot be recommende

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A novel surgical approach, using portal venotomy during total hepatic vascular occlusion, was used to locate and attenuate congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in nine dogs. Shunt location was consistent with a persistent ductus venosus in only two dogs. In the remaining seven dogs the shunts were window‐like orifices arising from either the left (two dogs) or right portal vein branch (five dogs) and communicating with the ipsilateral hepatic vein or caudal vena cava. The transportal approach using total hepatic vascular occlusion consistently provided good access to the portosystemic shunts, including those with window‐like communications. A 7 to 16 minute period of total vascular occlusion was well‐tolerated hemodynamically, with few intraoperative complications. Intrahepatic shunts were successfully attenuated in eight dogs, while one dog with portal atresia was euthanatized. The postoperative course was complicated by high protein pulmonary edema (one dog), an encapsulated biliary pseudocyst (one dog) and uncontrollable hemorrhage caused by an uncharacterized coagulopathy (one dog). Three dogs required a second operation to further attenuate their shunts. The clinical condition of all seven surviving dogs was improved after su

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Modified Distraction‐Stabilization Technique Using an Interbody Polymethyl Methacrylate Plug in Dogs With Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy by Dixon BC, et

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution of infusate administered to 12 dogs with fungal rhinitis, using a noninvasive, intranasal technique, was evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In every dog, contrast medium was identified on the postinfusion CT images, within the frontal sinuses, and throughout all areas of the nasal cavity. Adverse effects were transient and mild. The results of this study indicate that intranasal infusion may be a viable alternative to trephination of the frontal sinuses to administer antifungal medications in dogs with fungal rhinitis.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Information for all cattle with a diagnosis of tendon injury entered into the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) was retrieved and selected medical records reviewed. The proportional morbidity rate for tendon disruption was 0.89 cattle/1,000 cattle admissions and 95 of 99 cattle survived. Female and dairy cattle had a greater risk of tendon disruption than male or beef cattle, respectively. Also, cattle 6 months to 7 years old had a greater risk than cattle younger than 6 months old. Complete medical records were examined for 27 cattle. Affected cattle were 2.5 ± 1.8 years old and weighed 593.6 ± 315.6 kg. Injuries were most commonly caused by accidents involving farm machinery (72%). Unilateral superficial digital flexor tendon injury occurred in 8 cattle (30%); multiple tendon injury occurred in the other 19 cattle (70%). A single limb was involved in 25 cattle, a rear limb was involved in 24 cattle, and an open wound was associated with the injury in 26 cattle. Wounds were identified most commonly at the mid (13 cattle) and proximal metatarsus (4 cattle). Treatment of tendon disruption included tenorrhaphy and casting (9 cattle), external coaptation, alone, (14 cattle), stall confinement, alone, (1 cow), and euthanasia or salvage (3 cattle). External coaptation was maintained for 74.4 ± 34.3 days, and total confinement period was 88.3 ± 59.5 days. Short‐term complications included severe tendon laxity (one cow) and fatal septic peritonitis (one bull). Twenty‐two of 24 cattle treated for tendon disruption survived. Follow‐up information was available for 16 cattle; 14 cattle (87%) returned to productivity and 11 of 15 cattle with long‐term follow‐up (73%) were considered productive. Long‐term complications included persistent lameness (56%) and persistent hyperextension of t

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six ponies divided into two groups of three were used in a double crossover study design. Group 1 ponies had a small intestinal resection and anastomosis performed using a biofragmentable anastomosis ring (BAR); group 2 ponies had a hand‐sewn small intestinal resection and anastomosis using a Gambee suture pattern. Approximately 30 days later, all ponies had a second celiotomy and anastomosed segments were removed. Group 1 ponies had a hand‐sewn anastomosis performed and group 2 had a BAR. The anastomotic sites were collected at necropsy approximately 30 days later. Anastomosed intestinal segments were evaluated with ultrasound to determine lumen diameter, area, circumference, and wall thickness. Gross descriptions of adhesions were recorded and sections of the anastomotic site were taken for histological evaluation. Time to perform the BAR anastomosis was significantly less (P=.0004) than for the hand‐sewn Gambee anastomosis. Ponies with handsewn anastomoses had no signs of colic, whereas five of six ponies with BAR anastomoses had several episodes of abdominal discomfort, between day 16 to 18, corresponding to the time of BAR disintegration as determined by abdominal radiographs. Hand‐sewn anastomoses had a tendency to have more adhesion formation than BAR anastomoses, but all anastomoses, except one BAR anastomosis, were graded as having a low obstructive potential. BAR anastomoses had a significantly larger mean index of stenosis for intraluminal diameter (76%± 13.6), area (93.7%± 6.01) and circumference (75.8%± 14.0) than the hand‐sewn anastomoses (26.6%± 11.9; 44.6%± 19.5; 26.8%± 12.7). The BAR anastomoses also had a significantly smaller mean intraluminal diameter (0.96 cm ± 0.49), area (0.838 cm2± 0.65) and circumference (3.28 cm ± 1.63) than the hand sewn anastomoses (3.11 cm ± 0.73; 7.99 cm2± 3.9; 10.3 cm ± 2.47). In addition, the BAR anastomoses had a significantly larger (P=.0069) bowel wall thickness at the anastomosis and a significantly larger (P=.047) wall thickness proximal to the anastomosis than the hand‐sewn anastomoses, indicating some degree of hypertrophy because of chronic obstruction. No significant difference was found in the diameter, area, or circumference between bowel proximal and distal to the anastomosis for either the BAR or Gambee techniques, or between the BAR and Gambee anastomosis as a measure of chronic obstruction. There was a significantly higher (P=.0043) histological score (worse healing) for mucosal healing and continuity for the BAR, as well as a tendency to score higher for inflammation, anastomotic alignment, and anastomotic fibrosis. The BAR technique had a significantly higher (P=.0043) total histological score than the Gambee technique. Although the BAR was advantageous in many respects, results of this study suggest that it should not be used for equine small intestinal anastomosis because of the potential

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred seventeen cattle that had undergone surgery were assigned randomly to two preoperative skin preparation protocols. Group 1 (60 animals) skin preparation was with povidone‐iodine soap and isopropyl alcohol, whereas group 2 (57 animals) had skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol. Quantitative microbial culture plates were used to estimate the number of colony forming units (CFUs) before skin preparation (prescrub), after skin preparation (postscrub), after surgery (postoperative), and in room air (environment). A significant decrease in CFU occurred postscrub for both skin preparations (P<.05). Chlorhexidine and alcohol preparation resulted in significantly fewer CFUs (LSMean ± SE = 2.79 CFU ± 1.74) and a greater percentage reduction in CFUs (98.64%± 2.01) postscrub than povidone and alcohol (LSMean ± SE = 10.27 CFUs ± 1.51, 93.29%± 1.85); (P<.005). Group 2 had a significantly higher frequency of negative cultures postscrub (49.1%) compared with group 1 (18.3%) (P<.001). The number of postoperative CFUs were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Wound infection frequency for clean surgical procedures was not significantly different between the two skin preparation protocols (group 1 = 9.8%, group 2 = 10.7%), however, infection frequency was significantly higher for surgical procedures with a ventral abdominal approach (5 of 14, 35.7%), compared with a flank approach (1 of 41, 2.4%) or other approaches (orthopedic procedures) (1 of 16, 6.3%) (P<.05). Both skin preparation protocols were effective and safe in decreasing the skin microflora population of cattle before surgery and although preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate and alcohol resulted in less CFUs immediafly postscrub, the frequency of surgical wound infection was similar for both pr

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sutured tenorrhaphy technique that incorporated an autologous tendon graft was compared mechanically and histologically with a sutured tenorrhaphy at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after repair. Tenorrhaphy was performed in the forelimb tendon of the deep digital flexor muscle and the graft was taken from the hindlimb tendon of the lateral digital extensor muscle; one forelimb site included the graft, whereas the other forelimb site was not grafted. Tenotomies were made immediately proximal to the insertion of the accessory ligament into the tendon of the deep digital flexor muscle. Grafted and nongrafted tenorrhaphies were sutured with 2 polydioxanone in a modified double locking‐loop pattern. Limbs were supported with a bandage and an extended elevated heel shoe that maintained the dorsal hoof wall angle at 70° to 75°; this support was removed at 12 weeks and dorsal hoof wall angle was maintained at 40° to 45° for the remainder of the study. Gap formation (2.5 ±.3 cm) was evident at all tenorrhaphy sites at 3 days on ultrasound examination. In grafted repairs, the breaking stress was increased (P<.001) between 6 weeks (2.56 ±.44 MPa) and 12 weeks (17.69 ± 7.68 MPa), with grafted tendon having a greater breaking stress than nongrafted tendon (8.77 ± 2.5 MPa;P<.05). No differences in breaking stress were evident at 24 weeks. At 12 weeks, repair tissue in grafted tendon was histologically more mature, had less cellularity, better fibroblast orientation and more homogeneous collagen matrix than nongrafted tendon. Polydioxanone suture was still evident histologically at 24 weeks and was associated with minimal cellular reaction. Incorporation of an autologous tendon graft improved the mechanical properties and histological quality of the repair tissue in equine flexor tenorrhaphies at 12 weeks but not at 24 weeks aft

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY