摘要:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pilot hole (PH) diameter (0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.7, 3.1, 3.3, 3.5, and 3.7 mm) on the biomechanical and microstructural performance of positive‐profile threaded external skeletal fixation pins (3.18 mm inner diameter, 3.97 mm outer diameter) using cadaveric canine tibiae. Eight pins per pilot hole diameter (four pins per bone) were used to assess differences in end‐insertional torque and pin pull‐out strength. Histological evaluation of eight bicortical pin tracts per pilot hole diameter was accomplished using computer‐interfaced videomicroscopy on specimens processed using a bulk‐staining technique. Compared with no predrill, use of 2.7 mm PH increased end‐insertional torque and pull‐out strength by 25% and 13.5%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in biomechanical variables for the PH diameter range of 2.0 to 3.1 mm. Compared with no predrill, use of a 3.1 mm PH increased thread area by 18%. Microfracturing around the threads decreased as PH diameter increased. Damage to the interface at the entry and exit sites of both near and far cortices also decreased as PH diameter increased. It was concluded that predrilling a PH whose diameter approximates, but does not exceed the inner diameter of the positive profile pin will not only improve initial pin stability compared with no predrilling, but it will also reduce microstructural damage that may lead to excessive bone resorption and premature

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the anatomical study was to identify potential myoperitoneal microvascular free flaps, in dogs, that are based on a single artery and vein. The angiosomes of the right deep circumflex iliac artery and left phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery were evaluated in six medium‐sized canine cadavers. The right deep circumflex iliac artery and left phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery were injected with a mixture of barium and latex (equal parts). The entire right and left transversus abdominis muscles were dissected from the abdominal wall and radiographed. The angiograms of the deep circumflex iliac artery showed poor arborization of the vessels within the transversus abdominis muscle in all six cadavers. The angiograms of the phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery showed consistent filling of the vascular bed of the cranial half of the transversus abdominis muscle flap in all six dogs. The vascular pedicle lengths and the diameter of the arteries and veins of both the deep circumflex iliac and phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) myoperitoneal free flaps were found to be acceptable for microvascular anastomosis. The deep circumflex iliac flap was unacceptable because of inadequate vascular perfusion. The cranial abdominal artery had a consistent, large branch that supplied the cranial half of the transversus abdominis muscle, thereby making a myoperitoneal flap supplied by this vessel a potentially useful free flap. An 8‐year‐old male, neutered, mixed‐breed dog was evaluated for possible repair of a large defect of the hard palate. Previous operations, using local tissue flaps, had been unsuccessful. A myoperitoneal free flap, based on the right cranial abdominal artery, and consisting of the cranial portion of the transversus abdominis muscle, was used successfully to reconstruct the hard palate. Migrating epithelium from the edges of the wound covered the myoperitoneal flap by 10 weeks after surgery. Therefore, the cranial abdominal myoperitoneal free flap can be considered for reconstruction of intra‐oral defects that cannot be repaired using conventional local flap t

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Total or partial orbitectomy were used to treat 24 dogs and six cats with invasive periorbital tumors. The surgical procedure and clinical results were evaluated in this retrospective study. The most common types of tumors treated in this series of patients were multilobular osteochondrosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Two patients died of cardiopulmonary arrest within 24 hours after surgery. One patient developed neurological signs after total orbitectomy that resolved with conservative therapy. Minor complications, which included infection, strabismus, and conjunctivitis, occurred in seven patients. Regrowth of tumor in the periorbital region occurred in 11 patients (36.7%). Tumor resection by orbitectomy provided local disease‐free interval of more than 1 year in more than 50% of patients. Survival rate for the first year was 70.4% in this series of patients as determined by life table analysis. Orbitectomy requires detailed knowledge of regional anatomy and experience with performing a combination of surgical procedures. Preoperative diagnostic tests should include imaging techniques to define the extent of the disease. When performed properly, orbitectomy is a valuable procedure that can be used to effectively treat invasive tumors of the orbi

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effects of Tendon Grip Technique (Frozen Versus Unfrozen) on In Vitro Surface Strain Measurements of the Equine Deep Digital Flexor TendonAm J Vet Res 57:111–115, 19

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lateral rostrotentorial and caudal suboccipital approaches to the brain were performed on six beagles. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured as the two craniectomies were connected by removing the bone of the nuchal crest and occluding the transverse venous sinus. Intracranial pressure remained constant after acute occlusion of the sinus with bone wax and there was no gross evidence of brain edema. All six dogs survived the surgery and five dogs survived for a minimum of 3 months. One dog died acutely during the postoperative period. The exact cause of the cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction found at necropsy in the latter dog was not evident. Anemia occurred in three of the six dogs as a result of intraoperative hemorrhage. All dogs surviving the perioperative period had mild, transient hypermetria and conscious proprioceptive deficits, but were neurologically normal 72 hours after surgery. Results of this study indicate that acute, unilateral transverse sinus occlusion is possible without an increase in ICP. The ability to do this allows access to the rostral aspect of the ipsilateral cerebellum and brain stem.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The efficacy of 3% chloroxylenol (PCMX) or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) for preoperative skin preparation was assessed in 100 dogs undergoing clean or clean‐contaminated surgical procedures. Replication Organism Detection and Counting (RODAC) plates were used to quantify skin bacteria colony forming units (CFU) at the operative site before and after skin preparation and immediately postoperatively. Reduction of CFU after skin preparation and immediately postoperatively was significant for each agent. However, CFU levels were significantly lower in the CG group than in the PCMX group after surgical preparation, regardless of initial CFU numbers. No significant difference in CFU counts was observed between antiseptic groups postoperatively. Within‐group comparisons showed PCMX to be significantly less efficacious when the prescrub CFU number was greater than 1,000. Bacterial reduction was similar in the CG group regardless of prescrub CFU levels. The number of negative cultures after skin preparation was significantly greater with CG than with PCMX. Chlorhexidine gluconate also had fewer cultures with heavy bacterial growth (>5 CFUs) after surgical preparation. There was no significant difference between antiseptics in the number of negative cultures or cultures with more than 5 CFUs immediately after surgery. The number of skin reactions and postoperative wound infections that occurred with each technique were similar. Three percent PCMX, as used in this study, was less effective than 4% CG in its immediate antimicrobial activity, however, this difference was not associated with an increased wound infection r

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gradual occlusion of the splenic vein, using a specialized device (ameroid constrictor), was evaluated experimentally in three normal beagle dogs. Splenoportograms were used to verify that total occlusion of the splenic vein had occurred in all dogs within 4 to 5 weeks after application of the device. The ameroid constrictor (AC) was also evaluated as a method of gradual vascular occlusion in 12 dogs and two cats with single, extrahepatic, portosystemic shunts (PSS). Serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations were measured and portal scintigraphy (PS) was performed on all 14 animals preoperatively and 10, 20, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. Two dogs (14%) died from portal hypertension in the early postoperative period. One dog and one cat developed multiple acquired PSS, confirmed by mesenteric portography 90 days after the operation. Portal scintigraphy confirmed total occlusion of the primary shunt in the other 10 animals. Shunt fractions (SF), as measured by PS on postoperative days 30 and 60, declined significantly from preoperative values. Significant decreases were noted between preoperative and postoperative values for preprandial SBA on postoperative day 60 and for postprandial SBA on postoperative day 30. SBA concentrations did not correlate with SF. Based on this study, gradual vascular occlusion using the AC is recommended as a method for treatment of single, extrahepatic, PSS.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evaluation of Shelf Arthroplasty as a Treatment for Hip Dysplasia in Dogs by Matt G. Oakes, Daniel D. Lewis, A. Derrell Elkins, Giselle Hosgood, Sharon M. Dial, Julian Oliver

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vaginourethroplasty was performed in six bitches with infiltrative, obstructive urethral disease. The initial clinical signs included dysuria, hematuria, pollakiuria, and stranguria. Diagnosis was based on the clinical signs, plain radiography and contrast vagino‐urethrogram examination, and urethral biopsy. Five dogs were diagnosed as having urethral neoplasia; the sixth dog had granulomatous urethritis. In all six dogs, up to 50% of the urethra and the urethral tubercle were resected to ensure adequate surgical margins. One dog was euthanatized 4 months after surgery for recurrence of a transitional cell carcinoma at the surgical site. Long‐term resolution of the problem (minimum of 12 months) was achieved in the other five dogs. The frequency of serious complications, including urinary incontinence and ascending lower urinary tract infections, was

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Amphotericin B‐induced synovitis of the left tarsocrural joint was used to create a grade 3 of 4 lameness in 11 horses. Caudal epidural catheters were placed and advanced to the lumbosacral region. Baseline heart and respiratory rates were recorded and horses were videotaped at a walk and trot. Morphine sulphate (0.2 mg/kg) and detomidine hydrochloride (30 μg/kg) were administered to treated horses (n = 8) through the epidural catheter; an equivalent volume of physiologic saline solution was administered to control horses (n = 3) through the catheter. At hourly intervals after epidural injection for a total of 6 hours, heart and respiratory rates were recorded, and horses were videotaped walking and trotting. At the end of the observation period, video recordings were scrambled onto a master videotape. Lamenesses were scored by three investigators unaware of group assignment or treatment time. Lameness scores, heart rates, and respiratory rates were compared between groups using repeated measures analysis of variance. There was a significant decrease in lameness score after treatment with epidural morphine and detomidine (P=.0003); average lameness scores of treated horses were less than grade 1 at each hourly observation for 6 hours after drug administration. Early in the observation period, heart rates significantly increased in control horses and decreased in treated horses (P=.03). A similar trend occurred for respiratory rates (P=.07). Results of this study demonstrate that epidural administration of a combination of morphine and detomidine is capable of providing profound hindlimb analgesia in hors

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY