摘要:

The torsional monotonic structural material properties of equine metacarpi with or without, either a 5/16 inch or 3/8 inch diameter bicortical lateromedial middiaphyseal hole were assessed to determine the effect of a hole on metacarpal strength. Torsional stiffness was not significantly effected by the presence of a bicortical hole, whereas yield and failure angles, torques and energies of metacarpi with a hole were 51% to 97% of those of intact bones. Significant differences were not apparent for yield and failure mechanical properties between metacarpi with a 5/16 inch diameter hole and metacarpi with a 3/8 inch diameter hole; however, postyield mechanical properties were lower for metacarpi with a 3/8 inch hole. Whereas some metacarpi with a 5/16 inch hole were capable of plastic deformation before failure, metacarpi with a 3/8 inch diameter hole appeared to have sufficient stress concentration to propagate complete fracture on structural yield.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five dogs were diagnosed as having unilateral separation of the otic cartilages (auricular and annular). Four dogs had sustained prior trauma (hit by a car). Clinical signs were typical of ear canal stenosis and included swelling at the base of the ear (n = 2), periotic fistulation (n = 2), head tilt toward the affected side (n = 2), and pain when opening the mouth (n = 1). Palpation revealed separation of the horizontal and vertical ear canals. Otoscopic findings included a shallow ear canal and a pseudotympanic membrane across the proximal end of the auricular cartilage. Findings at surgery confirmed the diagnosis of cartilage separation and included an exudate‐filled horizontal ear canal and a blind‐ending vertical ear canal. Surgical treatment involved isolating the distal end of the annular cartilage (horizontal ear canal), opening and evacuating the horizontal ear canal, and suturing the open end of the annular cartilage to the skin. The length of annular cartilage was variable among the dogs, although each dog had sufficient horizontal canal to appose skin to otic epithelium. The vertical ear canal was not surgically dissected or manipulated. The mean follow‐up period was 46 ± 14 months (range, 31 to 68 months). All five dogs had patent horizontal ear canals when examined at the follow‐up exa

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compared three methods of pain relief in dogs that had total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy. The hypothesis was that systemic opioids with preoperative local nerve blocks would provide superior pain relief. Thirty‐one dogs with chronic otitis externa were included in the study. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three protocols: systemic opioids alone (10 dogs, group 1), systemic opioids with bupivacaine splash block (11 dogs, group 2), and systemic opioids with preoperative local bupivacaine nerve blocks (10 dogs, group 3). Twenty‐one dogs had bilateral ear ablation and 10 had unilateral ablation. Pain was assessed preoperatively, at extubation, 2 hours postextubation, and 1 day postoperatively by a single observer blinded to the analgesic protocol used. Pain scores were not significantly different within or between groups, nor did unilateral versus bilateral ablation have a significant effect on the score. Mean scores were less than 3 (scale 1 to 5) for all groups at all observation times. Rough recoveries were noted in 30% of group 1 dogs, 0% of group 2, and 20% of group 3 dogs. Ninety‐four percent of dogs were moderately to heavily sedated at extubation. Sixty percent of group 3 dogs remained moderately to heavily sedated 2 hours postextubation. Rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and postoperative change in serum Cortisol levels were not significantly different between groups. Postoperative increase in blood glucose was significantly higher in groups 1 and 3 compared with preoperative levels. Twenty‐three percent of the dogs required additional analgesia or tranquilization after surgery, as determined by the anesthetist; 1 dog in group 1, 2 in group 2, and 4 in group 3. Each of the three analgesic protocols provided similar pain relief in dogs undergoing total ear canal a

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using standard material testing techniques (bending stiffness, torsional stiffness, and maximum torque to failure or yield torque), the structural properties of interlocking nails (IN), canine femora, and IN/femur constructs were determined. Specimens that were tested included: 6 and 8 mm diameter IN with 5 to 10 screw holes (n = 18), and intact canine femora (n = 10), which also, with an IN inserted, formed the intact construct (IC) group, (n = 10). Specimens in the IC group were first tested with an 8 mm diameter IN with zero screws, followed by one and two screws (4.5 mm diameter) in the proximal and distal femur. A fracture model construct (FMC), (n = 14), consisting of a transverse femoral osteotomy with a 3 mm gap, was used with either 6 mm or 8 mm IN. In the 6 mm FMC, one and two 3.5 mm screws were used sequentially in the proximal and distal femoral segment. In the 8 mm FMC, one and two 3.5 mm screws and one and two 4.5 diameter screws were used similarly. When bending forces were applied parallel to IN screw holes, mean IN stiffness was 20% less than with forces perpendicular to the holes (n = 18), (P<.05). Eight‐millimeter IN were 220% stiffer in torsion and 270% stiffer in bending than 6 mm IN (P<.05). Six‐millimeter IN had approximately 32% of the bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of intact femurs (P<.05). Eight‐millimeter IN had 93% and 79% of the bending stiffness and torsional stiffness, respectively, of intact femurs. Intact femur constructs (8 mm IN with four, 4.5 mm screws) had 147% of the bending stiffness (P.05). The mean values of 6 mm FMC with four screws (3.5 mm) were 21% and 33% in torsional stiffness and bending stiffness, respectively, of intact femora values. When tested in torsion, 8 mm FMC failed by bone fracture; 6 mm FMC, in contrast, underwent plastic deformation. In comparing FMC stabilized with an 8 mm IN with two screws (4.5 mm diameter) in each bone segment, to intact femurs, the maximum torque was similar, FMC torsional stiffness was 40% (P<.05), and FMC bending stiffness was 65% (P<.05). These 8 mm FMC percentages are comparable to human IN fracture model construct values, indicating that the 8 mm IN/four screw construct should provide adequate stabilization for many canine diaphyseal femoral frac

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effects of Aging on the Endodontic System, Reserve Crown, and Roots of Equine Mandibular Cheek Teeth by Khristina D. Kirkland, Gordon J. Baker, Sandra Manfra Marretta, Jo Ann C. Eurell, and John M. Losonsky

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Static locked nailing was used to repair fractures of the femoral diaphysis in 15 dogs. The implant consists of a 5, 6, or 7 mm diameter stainless steel rod made up of two parts: the body of the nail, in which there are 13 threaded holes, and a piece without holes that contains a slot for anchoring the jig. Good limb function was obtained after less than 3 weeks in 12 dogs and these dogs remained sound throughout the study. Radiographic examination revealed fracture healing in 11 of the dogs, between 8 and 16 weeks after surgery. One dog was not returned for follow‐up evaluation until 22 weeks after surgery; complete healing was apparent from radiographic examination. The remaining three dogs had to have additional operations, one because of lameness caused by excessive length of the distal screws, one because of a nonunion, and the third because of a sequestrum. Fracture healing in these dogs was observed at 18, 21, and 24 weeks respectively. Loosening of one screw and angulation of the bone occurred in one dog. These complications had no adverse effects on clinical outcom

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Analgesic, Hemodynamic, and Respiratory Effects of Caudal Epidurally Administered Xylazine Hydrochloride Solution in Mares by Roman T. Skarda and William W. Muir III

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two dogs had right divisional intrahepatic portacaval shunts within the right lateral lobe of the liver. In both dogs, an extrahepatic portacaval vascular anastomosis was created, using an autologous right external jugular vein graft. The intrahepatic shunts were completely attenuated using a prehepatic intravascular caval approach. The creation of the vascular graft allowed postattenuation rises in portal pressure to be controlled, preventing the development of life threatening portal hypertension. Both dogs recovered from the procedure. One dog is clinically normal and does not require medication (8 months postoperatively); the other dog was euthanatized 5 months after surgery because of renal failure. Scintigraphy studies, performed before surgery, showed significant shunting of portal blood away from the liver (shunt indices 65% and 59%), whereas, similar studies done 4 weeks afterwards showed almost normal portal blood flow (shunt indices 16% and 18%, respectively).

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nonstrangulating indirect scrotal hernias were corrected in two 4‐week‐old Percheron foals by a laparoscopic technique. After laparoscopic reduction of herniated nonstrangulated small intestine each testes was retracted through the vaginal ring. The ligament of the tail of the epididymis was transected by electrocautery. The testicular vessels and nerves were isolated by cautery of the mesenteric portion of the mesorchium and then ligated. Staples were used to close the opening of the inguinal canal by apposing the peritoneal edges of the vaginal ring. Resection of umbilical stalk remnants via celiotomy performed in one foal after laparoscopic observation of enlargement of the right umbilical artery and urachus. No complications or recurrence of herniation had occurred 16 weeks after surg

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY