摘要:

Peripheral vasoconstriction and plasma catecholamine concentrations were studied in 37 dogs after cervical disc fenestration and salivary gland excision, laparotomy for intestinal anastomoses and cystotomy, or laparotomy for repair of diaphragmatic rupture, gastrotomy, and pyloromyotomy. Meperidine (4.4 mg/kg) was administered before extubation of 12 dogs undergoing laparotomy. Heart rate, respiratory frequency, indirect blood pressure, rectal temperature, toe web temperature, and plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined before induction of anesthesia, after intubation, after extubation, at sternal recumbency, and at standing. All dogs were hypothermic during surgery. After surgery, peripheral hypothermia (large rectal‐toe web temperature gradients) increased from a mean of 4.6°C after intubation to a mean of 10.4°C when the dogs initially stood. Heart and respiratory rates and blood pressures during recovery were similar to those before anesthesia. Mean plasma catecholamine concentrations were neither significantly higher during recovery than before surgery nor were they increased in any surgical group, including the dogs not treated with meperidine. After anesthesia, 15% of the epinephrine and 12% of the norepinephrine samples were more than two standard deviations above the mean of the preanesthetic concentrations of all dogs. The ratio of all dogs with an epinephrine concentration more than two standard deviations above the mean of baseline epinephrine concentrations was greater at sternal recumbency than before anesthesia and the ratio of dogs with an increased epinephrine concentration at sternal recumbency was greater in the laparotomy dogs (9 of 24) than in the cervical surgery dogs (0 of 12). Decreased peripheral blood flow during recovery from anesthesia appears to be a homeostatic attempt of conserving body heat to correct the hypothermia produced by anesthesia and peripheral vasodilat

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The patterns of dispersion and drainage of a low viscosity, oil‐based contrast medium within the peritoneal cavity were examined in 12 normal dogs. Intraperitoneal injection of contrast medium was cranial or caudal and drainage was by the sump‐Penrose or open peritoneal method. Radiographs were made over a 96 hour period, before and after peritoneal drainage was established. Each dog was euthanatized and necropsied. The contrast medium was dispersed throughout the peritoneal cavity 15 to 30 minutes after cranial injection and 1 to 2 hours after caudal injection. Most of the contrast medium drained within 6 hours after open peritoneal drainage and within 24 to 48 hours after sump‐Penrose drainage. At necropsy, there was complete encasement of all sump‐Penrose drains and partial occlusion of all open peritoneal incisions by omentum adhered to the abdominal wound edges. Peritonitis was not grossly evident, but all dogs showed histologic evidence of an acute inflammatory reaction associated with the drain or wou

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The knot security of chromic gut, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, polydioxanone, polypropylene, and monofilament nylon size 2–0 suture materials were tested biomechanicallyin vitro.Twenty reproducible knots were tied and incubated in canine serum at 37° for 24 hours before testing. A “secure knot” was defined as a knot that, when tested to failure, broke rather than untied by slippage. The minimum number of throws necessary to make a secure, snug (1500 g tension) square knot was three for gut, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, and polypropylene and four for polydioxanone and nylon. All throws including the first were counted. With all suture materials tested, surgeon's knots were as secure as square knots. Only gut, polyglycolic acid, and polydioxanone granny knots were as secure as square knots; no loosely tied (500 g tension) asymmetric square knots were as secure as snug square knots, and only polydioxanone and polypropylene loose square knots were as secure as snug square knots. Square knots used to start a continuous pattern required one additional throw with gut, polydioxanone, and nylon. Square knots used to end a continuous pattern required two to three additional throws with all materials

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Partial pancreatectomy was performed in 9 dogs by dissection and ligation of the pancreatic ductule and blood vessels, and in 10 dogs by a suture fracture technique. The dogs were evaluated for detrimental effects by (1) monitoring clinical signs and serum amylase and lipase activities and (2) examining the excision sites grossly and histologically at necropsy. There were no clinically apparent detrimental effects with either technique. The suture fracture technique evoked more histologic inflammation than the dissection and ligation technique.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thoracic duct embolization was created by injecting an isobutyl 2‐cyanoacrylate/iophendylate (IBCA) mixture through a cannulated mesenteric lymphatic vessel in eight normal dogs. Aqueous contrast lymphangiography was repeated at minute 10 and week 6. Six dogs were euthanatized at week 6 and two dogs at month 6. Embolization with 1.5 to 3.9 ml of the mixture resulted in complete obstruction of the thoracic duct in all eight dogs. Results of lymphangiography in six dogs at week 6 showed a persistent, complete obstruction of the thoracic duct in six dogs and alternate lymphaticovenous anastomoses in four dogs. Histologically, there were a sclerosing granulomatous response surrounding the lymphatic embolus, mild congestive changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and mild lacteal dilatation in the jejunum. The procedure was well tolerated with only a few complications. One dog suffered partial thrombosis of the cranial vena cava by the injected material with later dislodgement and embolization of a pulmonary artery branch. Modifications have been made in the injection procedure to avoid this complication. This technique for occlusion of the thoracic duct shows potential for clinical use in the management of canine chylothorax. The obstruction appears to be complete and permanent, and surgical/anesthetic time is decreased greatly from previously described procedure

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An anatomic study was performed on canine cadavers to define the blood supply to the cranial sartorius muscle. The vascular supply to this muscle was found to be a single dominant pedicle branching from the femoral artery at the proximal portion of the muscle. This anatomic information was applied in designing a study to determine the feasibility of performing a cranial sartorius muscle flap in the dog. The cranial sartorius muscle was transposed to the caudal abdominal region in four dogs. The muscle flap was based on the singular vascular pedicle defined in the anatomic study. All muscle transpositions were successful on day 19 as evidenced by gross appearance and histologic examination. Grossly, the muscles were well adhered to the recipient sites and were covered by connective tissue. Histologically, the specimens were characterized by viable skeletal muscle fibers, proliferative and maturing granulation and fibrous connective tissue, and mild to moderate mononuclear inflammation. Seroma formation and infection were the two postoperative complications noted. The cranial sartorius muscle flap has potential clinical application for repair of traumatic caudal abdominal hernias and large inguinal hernias in the dog.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighteen deep circumflex iliac flaps were elevated in healthy adult horses. Four flaps survived well when elevated as islands, but five orthotopic flaps and nine heterotopic flaps transferred to the tarsus and face failed. Technical reasons could explain the failure of the orthotopic flaps, but not the heterotopic flaps. Failure of the heterotopic flaps was apparently caused by the no‐reflow phenomeno

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Canine joints were cultured 24 hours after inoculation withStaphylococcus intermediususing synovial membrane biopsy, synovial fluid on aerobic culturette and in blood culture medium, and synovial fluid incubated 24 hours in blood culture medium before being cultured. A mildly virulent strain consistently yielded positive cultures when incubated in blood culture medium 24 hours and negative cultures with the other techniques. A highly virulent strain also yielded positive cultures when incubated in blood culture medium 24 hours, which was significantly better than synovial membrane biopsy. When both strains were considered together there was no significant difference between the first three techniques; blood culture medium incubated 24 hours was significantly more reliable. These results suggest that the trauma of synovial membrane biopsy is not justified because synovial fluid culture is more reliable. Synovial fluid should be placed on an aerobic culturette and in blood culture medium, and the samples cultured immediately upon arrival at the laboratory to allow the most rapid results of culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The blood culture medium should be recultured after 24 hours of incubation to permit culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing of those samples (approximately 50%) that have no growth on initial culture.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chronic septic carpitis in 72 calves and adult cattle was treated by arthrodesis of the carpus (n = 24), proximal or distal carpal row resection with arthrodesis (n = 31), or resection of both the proximal and distal carpal bones and radio‐metacarpal arthrodesis (n = 17). Painfree arthrodesis permitting full weight‐bearing was obtained in 69% of the cases. Arthrodesis without resection of carpal bones was successful in 87% of the cases. With resection of one carpal row, 72% of the cases were treated successfully. Radio‐metacarpal arthrodesis with removal of both carpal rows resulted in fusion in 35% of the an

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY