摘要:

The compressive, bending and torsional mechanical properties of osteotomized adult equine tibiae stabilized with an interlocking intramedullary nail (nail‐tibia composite) were compared with those of intact tibiae to determine the clinical applicability of the nail for repair of tibial fractures in adult horses. The mean yield load, failure load, and stiffness for the nail‐tibia composites were significantly less (P<.05) than those for the intact tibiae in all loading configurations. The mean compressive yield load for the nail‐tibia composites was greater than the compressive load calculated from previously reported in vivo data for walking and trotting, and was equal to the load calculated for recovery from anesthesia. The mean yield bending moment for the nail‐tibia composites was greater than the bending moment previously calculated for standing, walking, and recovery from anesthesia. The mean torsional yield load for the nail‐tibia composites was less than the torsional load determined for the walk from another in vivo study. The design of the interlocking nail evaluated in the present study should be modified to increase torsional and compressive yield strengths and torsional stiffness before reasonable success could be expected for the treatment of adult equine tibial

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gross and microscopic effects of arthroscopic partial synovectomy on synovium and articular cartilage of middle carpal joints were studied in 15 horses. A 7‐mm diameter motorized synovial resector was inserted into each middle carpal joint and arthroscopic partial synovectomy and lavage or arthroscopic lavage alone was performed. Study periods were 0 (three horses), 16 (three horses), and 30 days (six horses). No gross evidence of degenerative joint disease was observed at day 16 or 30. At 30 days, resected areas lacked villi and there was deposition of fibrin on the synovial surface with varying amounts of newly formed fibrovascular tissue. Thirty days after arthroscopic synovectomy, normal synovium had not formed in equine middle carpal joint

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compared the severity of ischemic injury to the equine jejunal mucosa caused by arteriovenous obstruction (AVO) or venous obstruction (VO) with that caused by reperfusion after ischemia. The degree of mucosal damage and regeneration was scored according to a modified version of an established light microscopic classification for ischemic injury. Biopsy specimens taken after 3 and 4 hours of obstruction, and after 3 hours of obstruction and 1 hour of reperfusion, were compared. There were no changes in the severity of mucosal injury (characterized by epithelial sloughing, loss of villus architecture, and necrosis of crypt cells) at 4 hours of ischemia when compared with 3 hours of ischemia. The mucosal injury score increased by one grade in three of six and five of eight segments during reperfusion for the VO and AVO models, respectively; however, only the scores for the AVO model were significantly different from the injury caused by ischemia alone. Modification of reperfusion injury was attempted by the administration of intravenous (IV) allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or intraluminal oxygen insufflation at the time of release of the AVO and VO. Treatments did not significantly alter either the severity of injury noted after 1 hour of reperfusion or the degree of mucosal regeneration after 48 hours of reperfusion. In this group of ponies, the severity of mucosal damage was greater after 1 hour of reperfusion for both AVO and VO.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of a single ligature on back pressure in the internal carotid artery was studied in nine horses. In six anesthetized horses, one internal carotid artery was catheterized 2 cm from its origin and blood pressure was recorded continuously. Then the artery was ligated, pressure was recorded again, and the horses were euthanatized. In another three anesthetized horses, indwelling catheters were placed in both internal carotid arteries and a loose ligature was placed proximal to one catheter. After horses recovered from anesthesia, the ligature was tied and blood pressure was recorded in both arteries on that day and 3 days later, then these horses were euthanatized. The anatomy of the cerebral arteries was examined in all nine horses. Blood pressure in the internal carotid arteries did not change after ligation. Subjectively, collateral channels considered most likely to maintain blood pressure in the ligated internal carotid artery were the caudal intercarotid artery and the cerebral arterial circle. We concluded that ligation of the internal carotid artery would not prevent severe hemorrhage from the internal carotid artery in horses with guttural pouch mycosis until the ligated artery thrombosed to the level of the lesion.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In vitro failure modes and mechanical properties of the equine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) were evaluated in 15 stifle joints from 10 ponies. Ponies were from 3 to 25 years of age and weighed from 122 to 208 kg. Femur‐CCL‐tibia specimens were mounted in 48 degrees of flexion, distracted until a 500‐g tensile preload was achieved, and then tested by tensile loading to failure. Specimens failed by complete midsubstance CCL rupture (n = 9), combined tibial insertion avulsion fracture and midsubstance CCL rupture (n = 4), and combined femoral origin avulsion fracture and midsubstance CCL rupture (n = 2). No significant differences were found between CCL mechanical properties and failure mode or body weight.Femur‐CCL‐tibia maximum tensile loads ranged from 1,945 to 4,326 N (median, 2,914 N). Mean maximum tensile load (N) per kilogram of body weight was 17.98 N/kg (median, 17.55 N/kg). These pony specimens had stiffer cranial cruciate ligaments (median, 320.2 N/mm) with a higher elastic modulus (median, 321.7 MPa) than has been reported for other species. Significant decreases in linear tensile load (P= .0292), maximum tensile load (P= .0493), and increases in strain to maximum load (P= .0463) were found in the specimens from 20‐ to 25‐year‐old ponies when compared with those from 3‐ to 1

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes in cardiopulmonary function and platelet count were determined in 22 dogs of various breeds that underwent total hip replacement with cemented femoral prostheses. In 11 dogs (group I) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was inserted without venting the reamed and lavaged femoral canal. In a second group of 11 dogs (group II) a urethral catheter (ID: approximately 2.7 mm) was placed into the medullary cavity before the insertion of PMMA. The application of PMMA resulted in a decrease in end‐tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETco2) until 5 minutes after insertion of bone cement. Increases in arterial to end‐tidal pCO2gradient [P(a‐ET)co2] and physiological dead space (VD/VT) were recorded between 2 minutes before and 5 minutes after insertion of PMMA in 12 dogs. A significant decrease in platelet count occurred in both groups of dogs. Decreases in arterial pO2(Pao2), arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (Pao2/PAo2), and percent O2saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood (Sao2) were not statistically significant. No significant differences could be detected between data obtained from both groups of dogs. An increase in femoral intramedullary pressure caused by the insertion of PMMA and subsequent pulmonary microembolism by medullary contents has been considered the most likely cause for changes in pulmonary function. The lack of statistically significant differences in cardiopulmonary variables and platelet count between the two groups of dogs could have been related to inefficient pressure reduction by the method

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred sixty‐three cats underwent onychectomy from January 1985 to November 1992. Onychectomy was performed with guillotine‐type nail shears (62%), surgical blade (24.5%), or both (8.6%), and wound closure consisted of bandages alone (61.3%), bandages after suture closure (26.4%), or tissue adhesive application (9.2%). The duration of surgery was significantly longer when onychectomy was performed with a blade or when suture closure was used instead of bandages alone (P<.05). Fifty percent of the cats had one or more complications immediately after surgery. Early postoperative complications included pain (38.1%), hemorrhage (31.9%), lameness (26.9%), swelling (6.3%), or non‐weight‐bearing (5.6%), and were observed more frequently after blade onychectomy (P<.001). Follow‐up was available in 121 cats; 19.8% developed complications after release. Late postoperative complications included infection (11.6%), regrowth (7.4%), P2 protrusion (1.7%), palmagrade stance (1.7%), and prolonged, intermittent lameness (0.8%). Late postoperative complications were observed more frequently after shears onychectomy (P= .018). Use of tissue adhesive was associated with more postoperative lameness (P<.02) and, when used after shears onychectomy, with more infections

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bilateral mandibular defects in a male mongrel dog were repaired. On the left side, a free vascularized coccygeal bone graft that included the median caudal artery and caudal vein was used to correct the defect. On the right side, the defect was bridged with a bone plate and screws. For further immobilization, the muzzle was temporarily taped for 3 weeks and a pharyngostomy tube was used for nutritional support. The dog was able to eat dry commercial food satisfactorily within 2 months of surgery despite mild malocclusion. Radiographs taken 2 months and 18 months postoperatively showed bony union with graft hypertrophy in the left mandible, whereas the right mandibular defect showed protracted nonunion. The results indicate that vascularized coccygeal vertebra transfer provides an alternative for the management of canine mandibular defects.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY