摘要:

Toggle pin stabilization is an accepted technique for the management of coxofemoral (CF) luxation in dogs. The purpose of this study was to determine, in vitro, the respective contributions of several aspects of toggle pin repair to the overall stability of fixation. Factors evaluated were the manner and frequency with which toggle pins oriented on insertion, effect of orientation on toggle pin strength, effect of suture type on ligament prosthesis strength and load sustained by the fixation, and comparison of repair using a modified toggle design to that of capsulorrhaphy. When placed in cadavers using standard technique, conventional toggle pins were found to orient significantly more frequently in one of two possible positions. Mechanical testing of fixations performed in experimentally luxated cadaver hips demonstrated a high (12/20) incidence of toggle pin failure using the conventional implant in the most common orientation. When tested alone, toggle pins were weakest mechanically in this orientation. Rotating the implant 180° increased mean load to failure by 249%. There was no significant difference in load sustained by conventional toggle fixations using No. 2 braided polyester versus 50 lb test monofilament nylon as the suture ligament prosthesis. However, the higher stiffness of the polyester suture may be more favorable for use in this application. Fixation using a toggle rod designed to allow evaluation of construct stability when failure of the toggle is eliminated resulted in an increase in maximum load sustained before luxation (47% of the intact control hips). This load was not significantly different than the resistance to luxation afforded by capsulorrhaphy. This study suggests that when implanting conventional toggle pins, consideration should be given to ensuring placement in the strongest orientation

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five configurations of pins or screws interconnected with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were applied to isolated canine lumbar spines (L2 to L5) in which a complete fracture‐luxation had been produced at L3 to L4. Twenty‐five repaired spines and five intact control spines were subjected to four‐point bending and tested once to failure in ventral flexion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pin number, pin angle, and use of 3.5‐mm cortical bone screws instead of smooth 3.2‐mm diameter pins on rigidity and ultimate strength of spinal fractures repaired by the implant‐PMMA fixation technique. Bending moment versus the angular deformation curves were recorded. Rigidity, bending moment at 10° angular deformation, moment at failure, and deformation at failure of each type of fixation were compared using analysis of variance. Spinal segments stabilized with eight pin‐PMMA fixation had significantly greater rigidity and strength at failure than four pin‐PMMA fixations (P<.05). Furthermore, spinal segments stabilized with eight pins angled away from the fracture failed at significantly greater bending moment than those with eight pins angled toward the fracture (P<.05). However, for four‐pin fixation, greater strength was achieved by angling pins in the bone toward the fracture site (P<.05). Screw‐PMMA fixations failed by screw bending and were less rigid and weaker at failure than the corresponding configuration of pin

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to document what changes in the resting and stressed urethral pressure profile occur in the incontinent bitch with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (SMI) immediately after colposuspension. Resting and stressed subtracted simultaneous urethral pressure profilometry was performed immediately pre‐ and postcolposuspension in 26 bitches diagnosed with SMI. All of the urethral pressure profiles were measured in anaesthetized bitches using a standard technique and two orientations of the catheter transducers (dorsal and left). Readable pre‐ and postoperative urethral pressure profiles were obtained in 20 of the 26 bitches. Subjective and objective evaluation of the profiles showed significant differences in the profiles pre‐ and postcolposuspension. Immediately postoperatively there were significant (P<.05) increases in functional profile length, maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), and distance between the bladder neck and the first negative respiratory peak and stressed spike. There was a significant (P<.001) decrease in the percentage of negative spikes extending below the resting intravesical pressure on the subtracted profile. The pressure transmission profiles were significantly (P<.001) altered by surgery. The findings presented support the hypothesis that colposuspension may restore continence by increasing pressure transmission to the proximal urethra and bladder neck. The results also suggest that immediately after surgery functional urethral length and urethral resistance are incr

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Surgical techniques for removal of tumors that affect the nasal planum or the premaxilla have been described. For extensively invasive malignancies, these techniques may be inadequate if used alone to achieve wide surgical margins. An operative technique that combines resection of the nasal planum and premaxilla has been developed for extensive malignant tumors of the nasal planum or premaxilla. This technique was used in three dogs and resulted in an acceptable cosmetic appearance and good function and tumor control. Complications after surgery included minor bleeding and partial dehiseence of the suture lines in two dogs and stenosis of the nasal orifice in one dog.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Therapeutic renal transplantation in dogs is currently being investigated as a treatment for end‐stage renal disease. This pilot study examines the effect of donor bone marrow (DBM) infusion and antithymocyte serum (ATS) in combination with immunosuppressive drug therapy in prolonging renal allograft survival in dogs. Seven normal outbred mongrel dogs received an unmatched renal allograft. All dogs received rabbit anti‐dog thymocyte serum (RADTS), prednisone (Pr), cyclosporine‐A (CsA) and azathioprine (Aza). In addition, three dogs (group 1 test) received DBM and four dogs (group 2 control) did not receive DBM. Serum CsA levels were measured throughout the study. Immunosuppressive therapy was gradually reduced with Pr, CsA, and Aza withdrawn at 200,450, and 680 days, respectively. Allograft rejection was treated with prednisolone sodium succinate. One dog in group 1 and one in group 2 died as a result of infectious canine rhinotracheitis and rejection early in the study. Renal allograft torsion occurred in one group 1 dog. The remaining four dogs survived the 2 years of the study. The dogs in group 2 (three dogs) all rejected the renal allograft after total drug withdrawal, the surviving dog in group 1 did not. This study demonstrates that RADTS, Pr, CsA, and Aza in combination can prolong renal allograft survival in mongrel dogs, whereas DBM may enhance the unresponsive

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether canine‐derived fibrinogen concentrate applied with bovine thrombin was a safe and effective topical hemostatic agent. A canine liver biopsy model was selected to test this product. Cryoprecipitate was prepared from frozen canine plasma using two freeze/thaw/centrifugation cycles. Six healthy adult dogs (weighing more than 18 kg) were used in the fibrin sealant study, and an additional three dogs were used as controls for the liver biopsy. A 1 × 3 cm liver biopsy specimen was obtained, digital pressure was applied to reduce bleeding, and the fibrinogen concentrate was immediately sprayed on the bleeding surface simultaneously with bovine thrombin (1,000 IU/mL). The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) blood pressure at time of biopsy was 98 ± 9 mm Hg, and the rate of hemorrhage from the cut liver edge was 8.0 ± 1.1 mL/min. The total blood loss during fibrin sealant application was 37 ± 9 mL and total time for hemostasis was 5.5± 1.3 minutes. There was no additional hemorrhage after application of the fibrin sealant. In the three control dogs, fibrin sealant was not applied and only digital compression was used to decrease hemorrhage. Before digital compression, the rate of hemorrhage from the cut liver edge was 13.1 ±3.1 mL/min. Bleeding had not stopped after 10 minutes of compression and the mean postcompression rate of hemorrhage was 4.0 ± 2.6 mL/min. Signs of secondary bleeding after fibrin sealant was applied were not evident during the immediate postoperative period or over the next 14 days. The coagulation profile, alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and bile acids were not significantly different on day 14 from preoperative values, suggesting that the liver was only mildly affected. The dogs were euthanatized and gross and histological examinations of the biopsy site were performed on day 14. There were minimal or no adhesions at the biopsy site. In all dogs, the hepatic capsule was less than 1 mm thick and histological signs of secondary bleeding, hepatocellular damage, thrombosis, infection, or inflammation were not observed. In this study, canine‐derived fibrin sealant was a safe and effective topical hemos

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The medical and necropsy records of 41 cats diagnosed with nonlymphomatous hepatobiliary (NLHB) masses, including neoplasia and cysts, were reviewed. Overall, benign masses (n = 27) were more common than malignant ones (n = 14). The single most common malignancy was cholangiocellular carcinoma. The median age at diagnosis was significantly lower (P<.01) for cats with malignant rather than benign disease. Clinical signs associated with hepatobiliary neoplasia were usually vague and included lethargy, vomiting, and anorexia, often present for at least 2 weeks before presentation. Benign masses were an incidental finding in significantly more (P<.01) of the cases than were malignant masses. Median values for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin were significantly higher (P<.05) in cats with malignant versus benign masses. The prognosis for malignant disease was poor, with 86% of the cats dying or being euthanatized during hospitalization. Cats with benign disease that underwent exploratory celiotomy were more likely to recover and warranted a more favorable prognosis than cats with malignant tumors. Factors associated with malignancy included age at presentation, presence of clinical signs at presentation, and specific serum chemistry changes.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Osteochondral fragments were created arthroscopically on the distal aspect of both radial carpal bones in 12 horses. On day 14 after surgery, one middle carpal joint of each horse was injected with 2.5 mL Betavet Soluspan (3.9 mg betamethasone sodium phosphate and 12 mg betamethasone acetate per milliliter) and the contralateral joint was injected with 2.5 mL saline as a control. Intra‐articular treatments were repeated on day 35. On day 17, six horses began exercising 5 days per week on a high‐speed treadmill. The other six horses were kept in box stalls throughout the study as nonexercised controls. On day 56, all horses were examined clinically and radiographically and then were euthanatized. Samples were obtained for histological, his‐tochemical, and biochemical evaluation. Mild lameness was observed in five of the six exercised horses at day 56; four horses were lame in the control limb and one horse was lame in the treated limb. Of the five nonexercised horses evaluated for lameness, two were lame in the control limb, two were lame in the treated limb, and one was lame in both the control and the treated limb. No differences were noted on radiographs or palpation of steroid treated limbs versus control limbs. Firm reattachment of the osteochondral fragment to the radial carpal bone occurred in all but three joints. Gross cartilage damage was not different between steroid‐treated joints and joints injected with saline. Histologically, there were no significant detrimental effects of betamethasone with or without exercise, but there was a tendency for more pathological change in treated joints. There was a trend toward decreased glycosaminoglycan staining in steroid treated joints of rested horses, whereas exercised horses had similar glycosaminoglycan staining in treated and control joints. No significant difference in the water content or uronic acid concentration was detected between treated and control joints. Intra‐articular betamethasone administration in this carpal chip model was not associated with any significant detrimental effects in either rested or exercis

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Arthroscopic examination of the hip joint was performed in mature and juvenile horses, using a lateral approach and standard or long instruments depending on body weight. Nine hip joints were examined in three cadavers and four anesthetized horses. The lateral, cranial, and caudal regions of the femoral head and acetabulum were accessible, and, after distraction of the limb, the ligament of the head of the femur and the acetabular notch were also visible. In small horses, the medial regions of the hip joint were visible but were inaccessible in larger horses. Iatrogenic injury to the sciatic nerve or periarticular vasculature was not evident at necropsy examination. Six horses with lameness localized to the hip joint were examined arthroscopically. At surgery, two horses had tearing of the ligament of the head of the femur, two horses had osteochondrosis of the femoral head or acetabulum, and two horses had degenerative joint disease, one associated with a rim fracture of the caudal aspect of the acetabulum and the other of indeterminant origin. Improvement after debridement occurred in one of the horses with partial disruption of the ligament of the head of the femur and in both horses with osteochondrosis. Diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy of the hip can be accomplished in foals and weanlings using standard equipment, but, in adults weighing more than 300 kg, longer instruments are required and the ease of access and the visible extent of the hip joint is considerably reduced.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The osteoinductive capability of four particle sizes of equine demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was evaluated. Matrix particles were implanted in brachiocephalicus muscle pouches in six horses and were harvested 8 weeks later. Matrix particle sizes of 2.0 mm3to 4.0 mm3and 5.0 mm3to 10.0 mm3were associated with osteoinductive activity and minimal signs of local inflammation. The two smaller particle sizes (0.425 mm3to 0.850 mm3and 0.850 mm3to 2.0 mm3) were minimally osteoinductive and were associated with a greater local inflammatory response. Microscopic events associated with new bone production in the two largest particle sizes included the presence of new osteoprogenitor cells in matrix vascular spaces, multinucleated osteoclast‐like giant cells, and the formation of cartilage, osteoid, and new mineralized bone. The two smaller particle sizes were associated with increased fibrous tissue ingrowth and the presence of increased numbers of inflammatory cells. The temporal events of osteoinduction in response to heterotopic implantation of allogeneic DBM were delayed in horses when compared with other species. Although the demineralization technique used was effective in previous investigations on other species, incomplete demineralization occurred in the two smaller particle sizes that was not detected until after DBM implant harvest. The demineralization process may need to be altered for equine bone and precise monitoring for complete demineralization before implantation is required. Equine DBM is osteoinductive in muscle pouch sites in horses but matrix particle size does affect osteoinductive capabilit

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY