摘要:

AbstractIn the present work, Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time‐of‐ Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) is demonstrated to be a valuable technique in the characterisation of used polyol ester oils, and one which includes details of the base‐oil and additive degradation chemistry. The results are confirmed by GC/MS and13C

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the results of a two‐year research project on ecological cutting, in which four different applications, namely, cutting, pocket milling, face milling, and drilling, were investigated under dry and lubricated conditions. A traditional cutting fluid and an environmentally friendly cutting fluid were used for the latter. TiN‐, Ti (C,N), and (Ti,Al)N‐coated tools were tested, together with commercially‐available multilayer coated tools, to analyse to what extent the use of coatings could reduce or even eliminate the need for cutting fluids. The machined materials include an unalloyed steel, I.0503, a low alloyed steel, 1.2312, a stainless steel, 1.4306, and cast iron, ADI. End‐of‐ life tests were done in all cases and the wear of the tools was examined with SEM. The research showed that the results are strongly dependent on the application. For cutting, coated tools result in the best tool lives although tools used under lubricated conditions still outperform their dry used counterparts. For milling, dry machining is advantageous. The drilling tests showed better results under lubricated conditions mainly due to the cooling and chip removal capacity of the lubricants. In this case, the (Ti,Al)N‐coated drill out‐performed the commercially availa

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHydraulic fluids based on rapeseed oil tend to oxidise and hydrolyse, especially at temperatures above 80°C. Long‐term testing, with thirty‐seven agricultural machines, of an Esso PFL hydraulic fluid was carried out to investigate the suitability of rapeseed oil based hydraulic fluids. The operating conditions, notably the kind of work being done and the thermal regime of the hydraulic fluids, were monitored for each machine. Oil refill quantities, repairs, and maintenance were also documented. Samples of the hydraulic fluids were analysed for technical characteristics and element content. Unused rapeseed oil based hydraulic fluids are more rapidly biodegradable and less toxic than mineral oil based hydraulic fluids. However, hydraulic fluids most often come into contact with the environment when they are used, either through accidents or through oil dripping from the hydraulic couplers. It was, therefore, the purpose of a second research project to investigate the environmental impact of rapeseed oil based hydraulic fluids in the course of use. Four rapeseed oil based hydraulic fluids were tested in the field on eight agricultural machines. The relevant operating conditions, such as thermal changes and pressure load, were monitored, and oil samples were analysed, as in the first project. Biodegradability was tested with the CEC L‐33‐A‐94 test and the OECD 302 B test (the Zahn‐Wellens method). Aquatic toxicity was determined by different test systems: waste water bacteria, photobacteria, plankton alga, garden cress, Daphnia, and Leuciscus. It was found that, generally, the candidate hydraulic fluids were suitable for use in the machines tested. It was also found that high biodegradability and low ecotoxicity were constant properties throughout the test period. Thus, the hydraulic fluids tested are suitable for application in agricultur

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper are presented the results of work on the development of poly‐oxo–aluminium acylates that are dissolved in synthetic lubricants, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) andpolyisobutenes (PIBs), and one pharmaceutical mineral oil in order to produce a range of greases that can be food‐grade, and have chemical stability.The method of synthesis is described, together with the results using different base oils (two different PAOs, four different polybutenes, and a pharmaceutical grade IS0 VG 46 white mineral oil. These greases are characterised here in terms of their mechanical stability and physical properties. As well as being of food grade, these greases are also shown to be chemically s

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of ashless antioxidants to increase the useful working life of synthetic fluids, such as polyalphaolefins, polyalkylene glycols and carboxylic acids, is discussed, and some general guidelines are proposed. The application of ashless antioxidants in controlling the oxidative degradation of several different types of biodegradable vegetable oil is illustrated. The action of the naturally occurring antioxidant, vitamin E, in some of these fluids has been examined and some preliminary results are reported.

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-6582    

DOI:10.1002/jsl.3000160201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY