摘要:

Proportionate mortality analyses are often used to study cause-specific mortality when population denominators are not available. The purpose of this paper is to present an extension of published proportionate mortality ratio logistic regression methods used to analyze such data. This paper describes methods used to estimate standardized mortality odds ratios (SMORs) with numerator data and the problems encountered when external standard rates are not available for all strata of interest. This paper focuses on the case where one has representative mortality followback data. These data are based on a large, representative sample of deaths from a defined population for whom numerous covariates about the decedents are collected from surviving family members. With these data, one may use logistic regression methods to generate fully standardized estimates of risk, SMORs, with numerator data. It is also possible to generate SMORs that allow for effect modification. Mortality followback data are also a more flexible data source from which one may generate substitutes for external standard mortality rate ratios to be used with previously developed SMOR methods. An application of the methods is provided using logistic regression.

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Past weight or patterns of weight change may be more important to chronic disease risk than current weight. Self-reports, however, are often the only source of information about past body weight. To date, very few studies have examined factors affecting the validity of self-reported past body weight. We examined the validity of self-reported past body weights of 1,931 U.S. adults who were participants in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971–1975) and were interviewed again in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982–1984). We compared the body weight measured during the initial examination (1971–1975) with the recalled 1971–1975 body weight reported during the follow-up interview (1982–1984). Recalled past weight was strongly correlated with previously measured weight (r = 0.73 for men, and r = 0.74 for women). Men overestimated their past body weight, whereas women underestimated their past weight. Although 39% of men and 41% of women estimated their past weight within 5 pounds, approximately 17% of women and 10% of men underestimated their past weight more than 15 pounds. Accuracy of reporting was influenced by sex, race, current body mass index, and the amount of weight gained over the 10 years following the initial examination. These factors should be considered when using recalled weight in epidemiologic studies.

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Accurate separation of new cases of acute myocardial infarction from prevalent cases is critical for assessing trends in morbidity in population-based studies. This report presents data on the validity of self-reported history of previous acute myocardial infarction among 3,703 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with suspicion of acute myocardial infarction. We substantiated the history of a prior event for 60% of those who reported one (629 of 1,053) and found 40% to be false-positive histories. Much of the false-positive reporting was related to previous cardiac hospitalizations, predominantly (40%) for unstable angina.

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several studies have shown that low blood pressure in individuals age 65 years and older is related to increased overall mortality. We hypothesize that this association is secondary to serious underlying illness, which has caused blood pressure reduction and, subsequently, has increased the risk of dying. Our study population was comprised of individuals age 20 years and older in the county of Nord Trøndelag in Norway, who were studied in a general health survey between 1984 and 1986. We had measurements of blood pressure, blood glucose, weight, height, and other information for 9,732 women and 8,290 men age 65 years or older. During approximately 6 years of follow-up, 2,122 women and 2,578 men died. For both genders, low systolic pressure was not associated with increased mortality, and the mortality curve did not display a J-shaped relation, after adjustment for age, marital status, body mass index, blood glucose, self-assessed health, use of antihypertensive medication, and history of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. For diastolic pressure, however, women in the lowest category (<75 mmHg) had an adjusted mortality rate ratio of 1.21 (95% confidence limits = 1.05, 1.39), compared with reference women (80–87 mmHg). Among men, the analogous mortality rate ratio was 1.16 (95% confidence limits = 1.02, 1.31). To reduce further the potential confounding between diastolic pressure and underlying illness, we excluded users of antihypertensive medication as well as the 2 first years of follow-up. After these procedures, the J-shaped mortality curve was not present among women, and it was substantially reduced among men. Thus, the results for both men and women indicated that the age-adjusted J-shaped relation between diastolic blood pressure and mortality was confounded with indicators of ill health, and that the often-found association between low diastolic blood pressure and increased mortality is indirect, possibly caused by serious underlying disease.

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We evaluated the reproducibility and validity of a 190-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to be used in a large prospective study in the Athens area of Greece. Eighty persons, 42 men and 38 women, ages 25–67 years, completed a self-administered FFQ, followed by monthly 24-hour diet recalls and then a second FFQ 1 year after the first.Correlation coefficients measuring the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ indicate that the questionnaire is reproducible and provides a reasonably reliable measure of intake for many nutrients over a period of 1 year.

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1044-3983    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID