摘要:

The genetic contribution of the Friesian, Holstein, Ayrshire and Finncattle breeds to the Finnish Black and White cattle was estimated for animals born between 1976 and 1991. Pedigrees of 219 422 cows and 1019 bulls were traced back for a maximum of 10 generations. Based on the results for the genetic constitution, cows were grouped as (i) pure Friesian cows, (ii) cows with 25% Holstein genes and (iii) cows with 50% Holstein genes. The estimated breeding values for protein yield, days open and somatic cell count were used to investigate the effect of increasing Holstein blood in the Finnish Black and White cattle population. The results showed that the proportion of Holstein genes in the Black and White cows increased from 0.2% in 1976 to 33.3% in 1991. The proportions of genes due to the contributions of Ayrshire and Finncattle decreased from 8.8% and 3.0% in 1976 to 6.0% and 0.4% in 1991, respectively. The Holsteinization caused only a small increase in protein yield but a considerably higher increase in days open. The variation in EBVs for somatic cell count was somewhat smaller for cows with 25% or 50% Holstein genes.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415871

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A stochastic simulation of a pig breeding unit with 100 sows and 15 boars was used to examine the effects of culling before testing on the estimates of (co)variance components and parameters. The traits were age at test (AGE) and sidefat thickness (FAT) measured on farm. Data were simulated over 10 years and missing data were generated by deletion of records based on the phenotypic value of AGE. A situation with no culling (C-NO) was compared with culling at random (C-RAND), within litters (C-W/IN) and over litters (C-OVER). A multivariate restricted maximum likelihood procedure was applied to estimate (co)variance components, using the same model as that for the simulation of records. The heritabilities of AGE were over estimated in C-W/IN and C-OVER, and genetic, residual and phenotypic correlations became weaker. The litter variance ratio of AGE was seriously overestimated in C-W/IN and underestimated in C-OVER. A reduced model, without the litter effect included, resulted in even larger differences in parameter estimates between culling strategies.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415872

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Recorded differences in food consumption between 16 strain combinations of laying hens in a full diallel design of 4*4 pure strains are discussed. Significant differences between pure strains and significant heterosis in food consumption corrected for metabolic body weight, weight gain and egg mass are reported. Significant and consistent differences between strain combinations were found in the partial regression coefficient of food consumption on egg mass production, but not on metabolic body weight and weight gain. None of the strain crosses showed significant heterosis in any of the three partial regression coefficients. On average, 35% of the heterosis in food consumption was due to increased egg production and 65% to increased body weight and strain combination residual.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415873

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Digestive and metabolic changes in pigs during the post-weaning period were studied to elucidate the effects of feeding strategies on pig performance and health. Sixteen creep fed litters were divided at weaning (5 weeks of ages); half the litter was fed ad lib (FF), while the other half was fed restricted (RF) from day 3 to day 8 after weaning (restrictive period: 50% reduction on day 3, another 50% reduction on day 4, minimum ration 100 g pig−1day−1, the same amount on days 5 and 6, double the amount on days 7 and 8, and then ad lib). Food intake (per pen), weight and diarrhoea (individually) were registered daily for 14 days post weaning. Studies of faecal haemolyticE. coli(days 4, 5, 6, 8 and 14), blood plama levels of total cortisol and immunoreactive cationic trypsin (IRCT) (days 2, 6, 9 and 14) and body temperature (days 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8) were done on two pigs per pen.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415874

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Three rumen fistulated and catheterized sheep were meal-fed and used to study ruminal and arterial concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as well as portal appearance rates of SCFA and irreversible loss rate (ILR) of acetate in 24 h periods on a hay and a concentrate/straw diet, respectively.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415875

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The studies reported cover two experiments comprising 684 layers of the hybrids Dekalb XL, LSL and Shaver 288 (Expt. 1) and 744 ISA Brown and LSL layers (Expt. 2) kept in Get-away cages with 15 birds per cage, and in conventional cages with 4 birds per cage. At 35 and 55 weeks of age birds were scored for the appearance of bumble foot, toe pad hyperkeratosis, keel bone lesions, claw length, foot hygiene and hygiene of perch and cage floor (Get-away cages). Birds' use of perches was recorded by visual observation. Expt. 1 made use of a circular profile perch with flattened upper and lower surfaces made of European beech hardwood or of plastic, and Expt. 2 utilized the same hardwood perch and the same design but with a reduced diameter covered with a 4 mm rubber layer. All perches had equal exterior measurements, 38 × 33 mm. Bumble foot and keel bone lesions appeared only in Get-away cages and toe pad hyperkeratosis only in conventional cages. Scores for bumble foot were significantly different between all three white hybrids and between LSL and ISA, always being inferior in LSL. In Expt. 1, the plastic perch resulted in more bumble foot than the hardwood design. In Expt. 2 there was no significant effect of perch design on toe pad hyperkeratosis, keel bone lesions or bumble foot. Hygiene of feet was better in conventional cages than in Get-away cages. Although artificial materials were easier to keep clean than hardwood perches, it is concluded that plastic is not a suitable material because it increases the incidence of bumble foot, and that a soft rubber cover does not reduce bumble foot or keel bone lesions compared with plain European beech hardwood perches of equal diameter. Significant interaction effects between hybrid and perch design/keeping system, especially regarding bumble foot and toe pad hyperkeratosis, indicate that genotypes are differently adapted to environmental designs in terms of the clinical health aspects studies.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415876

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In-cage reaction tests, the open field test and daily activity in the home cage were used to assess the effect of the internal design and location of cages on the behaviour of juvenile blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) during the growing season. The inclusion of nest boxes or resting platforms affected the behaviour of farmed blue foxes, but to a lesser extent than did the location of the animal in the cage row, i.e. the environment outside the cage itself. This study demonstrated that the actual environment in which the farm foxes live may be far larger than the cage interior itself, and that attempts to improve housing design should take into consideration the environment outside the cage to a greater extent than has heretofore been the case.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415877

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of keeping farm mink in pairs or singly from weaning to pelting on haematological, clinical-chemical and stress physiological variables, on body and organ weight, and on fur properties were examined in 96 mink kits in order to assess the consequences on welfare and productivity. Mink kept in pairs had better pelt quality than mink kept singly. No significant difference was found in frequency of hair chewing between mink in pairs and single mink. Bite marks on the leatherside of the pelt occurred only in mink kept in pairs. No significant difference was found between the groups in body weight, and organ weight corrected for body weight. Based on the physiological variables applied, no differences in welfare were shown between mink in pairs and single mink. Sexual differences were found for the enzymes ASAT and ALAT, for number of leucocytes, and for adrenal glands relative to body weight.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415878

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415879

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709609415870

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor