ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415844

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A field study was conducted to determine the effects of stage of maturity on the yield, morphological composition and nutritive value of whole barley plants and their ear, internodial leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem fractions in order to determine an optimum stage of maturity to harvest. Organic matter digestibility and crude protein content decreased rapidly until grain filling at maturity code 55 (range of study, 2-digit codes 37 to 91) and then remained fairly constant. The yield of digestible organic matter increased with increasing stage of maturity (2nd degree polynomial function,P< 0.001). The study at three stages of maturity (code 83, 86 and 91) showed an increase in the ear fraction (48 to 57% plant dry matter, DM) and a decrease in plant remainder fraction (whole plant without ear, NOEAR) (52 to 43%) due to maturation. However, within NOEAR the leaf sheath fraction remained unchanged and both the leaf blade and stem fractions decreased. Generally, the highest nutritive value was measured for leaf blade and sheath in the uppermost internode, but for stem in either the upper most internode or lowest internode. The most distinct maturation effects were observed in the upper leaf blades. Nutrient translocation in context with changes in internodial nutrient concentration during maturation is discussed. The present results indicate, that whole-crop barley should be harvested at yellow ripeness (code 91).

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415845

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the energetic feeding potential of whole-crop barley silage as related to maturation in order to determine an optimum maturity stage to harvest. Barley was harvested in transition to dough stage (TD), middle/end of dough stage (MED) and yellow ripeness (YR), and ensiled. Digestibility of dietary organic matter (OM) by sheep fed at maintenance decreased by 3.5% as a result of maturation (silage mean 67%). In contrast, voluntary intake of OM increased by 5.5% from TD to MED (diet mean 28.5 g kg−1body weight). The energetic feeding potential, calculated as intake of digestible OM, was not affected by stage of maturity. The main neutral cell wall sugars were β-glucose (23%) and xylose (12%) followed by arabinose (2%). The digestibilities of all cell wall fractions except β-glucose decreased with advancing maturity. The strongest effect was observed for mannose followed by arabinose, galactose and xylose. It is recommended to harvest barley for whole-crop silage at MED.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415846

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Digestive disorders and impaired performance are common problems among weanling piglets. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect on health and performance of feeding different levels of zinc (as zinc oxide) for one, two or three weeks after weaning to piglets weaned at 28 days of age. A supplement of 2500 ppm zinc for two weeks after weaning reduced the incidence and severity of non-specific post-weaning diarrhoea by up to 50%. The daily gain, but not feed intake and feed efficiency, was significantly influenced by the dietary zinc level. Piglets fed 2500 ppm zinc showed the best performance. The beneficial effect of a temporary supply of 2500 and 4000 ppm zinc on post-weaning diarrhoea was found to be coincident with an increased alkaline phosphatase activity and zinc concentration in serum. The frequency of post-weaning diarrhoea was shown to be affected by the dietary content of calcium and copper.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415847

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During two different years, 1986 and 1989, 129 and 102 ewes, respectively, were used to compare the effects of level and feeding pattern of concentrate during the last eight weeks of pregnancy. The ewes were given hay to cover maintenance, with supplemental feeding for pregnancy based on different amounts of concentrate. The control groups were fed according to Swedish recommendations, totalling 20 kg of concentrate, maximum level 0.4 kg per ewe and day (20:0.4) in a two-level pattern. The experimental groups were fed 20:0.7, 24:07 or 30:1.0 with a gradually rising feeding pattern. The treatments had a significant effect on changes in the live weight of ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation, with ewes on higher feeding levels losing less weight during pregnancy and gaining less weight on pasture. Over the whole production year, the changes during different production periods levelled out the total effect. Late pregnancy feeding also had a significant effect on lamb growth, with lambs from ewes fed on the highest feeding level growing significantly better. Lambs from ewes fed on a gradually rising feeding pattern showed significantly better growth in Expt. 1 but not in Expt. 2.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415848

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on indole and skatole concentrations in subcutaneous fat (boar taint) of two housing conditions: keeping pigs heavily fouled with faeces on a concrete floor versus keeping pigs clean on a wholly slatted floor. Both groups of pigs were kept at a high stocking rate (0.6 m2per pig) and high temperatures (≥25[ddot]C). This study also aimed to show if changing the treatment a week prior to slaughter is sufficient to change the concentration of indole and skatole in subcutaneous fat.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415849

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Seasonal moulting was studied by quantitative histology and external observations in adult male raccoon dogs. Moulting of the underfur hairs is characterized by a heavy loss of old winter hair in spring and an intensive growth of new winter hair in autumn. Only few mature and growing underfur hairs were found in the hair cover in summer. The new intermediate and large guard hairs started to develop in April and May. All the new guard hairs had developed by the end of June. About 7 and 3.5 months were needed for the growth of new winter guard and underfur hairs respectively. At the end of November the winter fur was mature. The bundles with an intermediate guard hair contained more underfur hairs than the bundles with a large guard hair in the mature winter fur. The thickness of dermis and the grade of skin colour peaked in the autumn moult, indicating a close relation to the activity of hair follicles.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415850

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In two experiments, a total of 4346 laying hens housed in battery cages, with three hens per cage (C), and in two aviary systems, both with tiered wire floors and litter (Lövsta with two tiers (L) and Marielund with three tiers (M)), were used for studies on production, egg quality, health, plumage and foot condition, bone strength and bird location. Three hybrids were used: Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) were kept in all three systems, Dekalb XL (DK) were kept in both aviaries and Lohmann Brown (LB) in M only. Production and feed conversion in M were inferior but not significantly different from C but significantly better than in L. Proportions of dirty eggs were significantly higher in the avaries. No significant differences were found in interior egg quality traits between keeping systems. LSL showed higher production and better feed conversion than the other hybrids and a tendency for a lower proportion of mislaid eggs. Mortality varied considerably between the aviary pens, reaching 35% in LB mainly owing to cannibalism and salpingitis. Keel bone lesions and bumble foot appeared in the aviaries, while toe pad hyperkeratosis was observed in C. Hens in aviaries had significantly stronger bones (tibia and humerus) and showed more wounds from pecks, inferior plumage condition and dirtier feet than in C. LSL had more bumble foot injuries than LB but better plumage condition than DK. The birds used the different parts in the aviaries well, especially the perches on the resting top tier during the night.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415851

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415852

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue.

ISSN:0906-4702    

DOI:10.1080/09064709509415843

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor