ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109917

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109918

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

EUROSTROKE is a collaborative study among ten European research centres to investigate (1) the variation in incidence of fatal and non-fatal ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke among populations in different European countries; (2) whether the observed differences in stroke incidence across countries can be explained by differences in prevalence of established cardiovascular risk factors; (3) the relative importance of selected dietary factors (potassium intake, smoking, alcohol consumption), haemostatic disturbances (fibrinogen) and co-morbidity (rheumatic heart disease, atrial fibrillation) compared to established risk factors as determinants of the occurrence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. The EUROSTROKE database is drawn from ten European population-based prospective follow-up studies (cohorts) and is designed as a case-control study nested within these ten ongoing studies.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109919

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We carried out a retrospective incidence, prevalence and mortality survey of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the province of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy. Based on 79 patients, the mean incidence per year for the period 1980 through 1992 was 1.5 cases per 100,000. On December 31st, 1992, the prevalence rate was 5.4 per 100,000. In the 10-year period of 1983–1992 the average mortality rate was 1.3 per 100,000 per year. The average age at onset was 61.3 ± 10.2, the average survival period thereafter was 26.3 months ± 17.7; 27.3 ± 17.6 for classic ALS, 19.5 ±8.4 for progressive bulbar palsy and 36.3 ±41.4 for pseudopolyneuritic ALS. The incidence rate, recorded in public health district No. 12, an area with documented lead pollution since the 1970s, was standardized to the sex and age of the population of the province. Its incidence and prevalence rate were comparable to the rates found in the remaining area of the pr

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109920

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A feasibility study was conducted in an urban population of 3,040 in Bangalore, South India, to understand the baseline characteristics, evaluate screening questionnaires, identify potential problems and determine the magnitude of the problems. The target population was selected by a random method, from four census enumeration blocks of a specific urban area. A two-phase study design was adopted consisting of screening by trained field investigators in the initial stage and clinical examination by a neurologist in the second stage. The information was collected by an interview method on a house-to-house basis. Evaluation of the screening instruments yielded high sensitivity and specificity rates, and it became clear that there is a need to reduce false-positive results in the screening questionnaire for individuals above 7 years of age. The prevalence of neurological disorders was 32.8 per 1,000 population (with a rate of 7.8/1,000 for epilepsy). It appears feasible to detect a wide range of neurological disorders using the methods described.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109921

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey (MoVIES) used a multiphase process to identify demented persons among 1,366 randomly selected noninstitutionalized individuals 65 years and older. Raw test scores from a cognitive screening battery were used to identify cognitively impaired individuals who were referred for a clinical evaluation. Subsequently, test scores were adjusted for education and gender within age strata. Adjusting test scores affected sensitivity for dementia only among the most educated, increasing sensitivity among younger subjects and decreasing among the older subjects. Specificity increased among the least educated and the oldest subjects. Overall, the adjusted criteria did not perform as well as the unadjusted criteria in this sample. Adjustment for education will not necessarily improve the ability of a screening battery for cognitive function to identify demented persons, particularly if unadjusted scores perform well.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109922

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report data on the validity and responsiveness (i.e. sensitivity to change) of assessment instruments including Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), at a single site in a multicentre trial of the experimental therapeutic agent linopirdine. Fifteen people (11 women) were evaluated. GAS yielded a mean 3.7 goals per patient (range 2–6). The mean gain in the GAS scores, 2.7 ± 16.4, was compared to changes in the Alzheimer''s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Section, the Global Deterioration Scale, Clinical Global Impression and the Mini-Mental State Exam. GAS had the largest relative efficiency (0.47) when compared to the standard. GAS also had the largest effect size (0.61). The data suggest that an individualized approach may have merit as an outcome measure and as a means to better understanding treatment effects. Qualitative analysis revealed consistent goal setting in self-care, behaviour, cognition and leisure, suggesting that these areas should routinely be evaluat

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109923

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109924

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109925

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000109926

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger