摘要:

The incidence rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Denmark were estimated as a result of a continuous nationwide epidemiological survey since 1948 by the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR). Among cases notified to the DMSR, 6,478 met the diagnostic criteria and had onset of MS from 1948 through 1982. The crude annual incidence rate was 4.45/100,000 and the lifetime cumulative incidence rate was 0.32%. The female/male ratio was 1.37:1. Crude incidence rates declined during the period 1952–1967. After 1967 the incidence seemed to rise again but in an irregular pattern. The decline in incidence involved only cases up to the age of 35. The subsequent increase was most marked in females and in the age groups over 45 year

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110900

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the next 10 years findings will become available from various incidence studies on dementing diseases conducted throughout Europe. Comparisons across studies will greatly enhance our understanding of the disease process. Preliminary to these comparisons we conducted a survey of the methodology used in these studies, which is described in this report.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110954

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A case register of multiple sclerosis (MS) was set up in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, situated at a latitude of 23–24° south. Cases were notified by neurologists, neuroradiologists and by an association of patients with MS. Prevalence rate was 4.27 X 10–5 (men: 2.89 X 10–5; women: 5.59 X 10–5), with a preponderance of young adults. We discuss here whether these rates are artifact due to poor health care facilities, to poor notification and deficiencies in diagnosis, or whether these rates are r

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110901

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Paquid is an epidemiological study designed to gather and follow-up a cohort of 3,777 elderly subjects (65 years and older) living at home. In order to study normal and pathological brain ageing, these subjects were randomly chosen in the general population of 75 communities of Gironde and Dordogne, two administrative areas of South-Western France. The subjects were interviewed at home by trained psychologists and followed-up with the same procedure at 1,3 and 5 years after the initial data collection. The identification of the demented cases is made with a two-stage design: the first stage is a systematic screening by the psychologists with application of the DSM-IIIR criteria and the second stage consists in a confirmation of the diagnosis by a neurologist according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Paquid is complemented by the study of a random sample of 357 subjects riving in institutions in Gironde.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110955

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We present here the results of the Sino-MONICA-Beijing stroke study based on 700,000 Beijing residents in 1984–1986. To compare incidence rates for stroke with other communities and countries, we adopted the criteria of the WHO Collaborative Study of 17 centers which used the same definition and methodology as was used in this study. Over the 3-year period of the study, 2,593 stroke events were registered in the 25- to 74-year age-group. The incidence rate for all strokes was 189.5/100,000 and the incidence rate for first strokes was 133.6/100,000. Men had a significantly higher incidence rate than women (all strokes 219.7/100,000 for male vs. 160.5/100,000 for female, OR = 1.32, 99% limits 1.19–1.46; first strokes 151.6/100,000 for male vs. 116.4/100,000 for female, OR = 1.25, 99% limits 1.11–1.42). In comparison with other studies, age-adjusted incidence rate of stroke in Beijing was higher than in other countries, especially for hemorrhagic stroke. The proportion of hemorrhagic stroke related to other types of stroke was also higher in Beijing. Further analysis of the cases confirmed by computerized tomography also supported this finding. Unlike the incidence rates, the 4-week case fatality rate for women, 39.5%, was higher than for men, 32.8%. This finding was confirmed by a multiple logistic analysis controlling for age (p < 0.001) and for previous stroke (p < 0.001). The adjusted sex difference is also significant (OR = 1.37, p < 0.001). In addition, results showed that men had a higher hospitalization rate than women. More women than men were treated at home, possibly indicating better medical care fo

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110902

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Italian Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA) is a population-based, multicentre study focusing on normal ageing and ageing pathology. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for specific age-associated diseases, such as dementias will be investigated. A sample of 5,056 subjects 64 + resident in the field areas will be selected. The incidence rates will be estimated by using two subsequent prevalence surveys. In the first prevalence survey, each sampled subject will undergo the Mini-Mental-State examination as screening. Those who have been screened positive, will undergo an extensive diagnostic workup to identify dementia cases and to classify them as Alzheimer''s disease, vascular dementia or other dementias, according to the DSM-IIIR, ICD-10R and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Subjects identified as non-cases will be re-assessed 3 years later by using the same procedure, instruments and criteria to estimate incident cases. Finally, genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer''s disease and vascular dementia will be assessed by means of case-control studies, one on prevalent and one on incident cases, and of the cohort study. The project started in January 1991.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110956

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Rotterdam Elderly Study is designed as a community-based prospective follow-up study. The study population consists of almost 12,000 individuals aged 55 years and over who are living in an urban area in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence, incidence and determinants of neurogeriatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, locomotor diseases and ophthalmologic diseases. In this paper we give a general outline of the Rotterdam Elderly Study, and a detailed description of the case finding and diagnostic procedures for the study of dementia. The risk factors for dementia that are assessed in the study are summarized.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110957

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Case control analysis of 204 patients with acute ischemic stroke revealed the matched pair odds ratio (and 95% confidence limits) for hypertension, ECG abnormality, heart disease of any type, diabetes, smoking and alcohol intake to be 3.95 (2.5, 6.2), 2.1 (1.4, 3.1), 2.1 (1.4, 3.2), 1.7 (1.1, 2.6), 1.8 (1.1, 2.8) and 1.5 (0.86, 2.6), respectively. Except alcohol intake, the other factors were statistically significant. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume (hematocrit), serum cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not found to be significant. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and uric acid were significantly lower and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL) was higher among stroke patients. The risk was considerably higher when there was any combination of hypertension, heart disease and HDL cholesterol level lower than 45 mg/dl. Logistic regression revealed hypertension, heart disease of any type, lower HDL cholesterol and uric acid and higher ratio of TC/HDL to be significant factors.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110903

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Kungsholmen Project is a study on elderly people living in a parish of Stockholm, Sweden. The study uses a longitudinal approach with the principal purpose of determining the natural history of Alzheimer''s disease and other dementias. The study population consists of all 2,368 inhabitants of the Kungsholmen area in Stockholm, aged 75 years and above in October, 1987. The study design consists of three phases. Phase I consists of a screening test used in order to identify the ''possible'' dementia cases; phase II is a complete clinical examination carried out in order to reach a final diagnosis of dementia; in phase III the whole population is reexamined in order to ascertain new cases of dementia. DSM-IIIR criteria for dementia and different types of dementia are used. The final diagnosis is based on a consensus using two preliminary diagnoses, made separately by different physicians.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110958

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A retrospective follow-up study was performed on a cohort, which took part in a secondary prevention trial after transient ischemic attack (TIA) or small stroke, to study variables relevant to the cessation of smoking. Of 100 patients, 57 smoked, 1 was lost to follow-up and 18 stopped smoking. Age, gender, amount of cigarettes, hospital admission, and persistance of symptoms were not statistically significant factors in the cessation of smoking in this group, which reported regularly for follow-up in the Dutch TIA trial. Directly after the event 11 patients stopped indefinitely and another 18 patients tried, but resumed smoking later on. During follow-up another 7 stopped. The important factor in the cessation of smoking was the event itself, as most people stopped directly after it, but enforcement was difficult, as half of those who stopped resumed smoking.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110904

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger